महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-198, verse-12

व्याध उवाच ।
अभिवादये त्वा भगवन्स्वागतं ते द्विजोत्तम ।
अहं व्याधस्तु भद्रं ते किं करोमि प्रशाधि माम् ॥१२॥

12. vyādha uvāca ,
abhivādaye tvā bhagavansvāgataṁ te dvijottama ,
ahaṁ vyādhastu bhadraṁ te kiṁ karomi praśādhi mām.

12. vyādhaḥ uvāca abhivādaye tvā bhagavan svāgatam te dvijottama
aham vyādhaḥ tu bhadram te kim karomi praśādhi mām

12. The hunter said: 'I salute you, O venerable sir (bhagavan)! Welcome to you, O best among the twice-born (dvijottama)! I am merely a hunter, but may all good fortune (bhadra) be with you. What shall I do? Please instruct me.'

Words meanings summery:

• व्याधः (vyādhaḥ) - the dharma-hunter (dharmavyādha) (hunter, fowler)

• उवाच (uvāca) - he said, spoke

• अभिवादये (abhivādaye) - expressing respectful salutations (I salute, I greet)

• त्वा (tvā) - referring to the brahmin (you (accusative))

• भगवन् (bhagavan) - a respectful address to the brahmin (O Venerable One, O Fortunate One, Lord)

• स्वागतम् (svāgatam) - a polite greeting (welcome, well-come)

• ते (te) - to the brahmin (to you, for you, your)

• द्विजोत्तम (dvijottama) - a respectful address to the brahmin (O best of brahmins, O best of the twice-born)

• अहम् (aham) - the hunter speaking of himself (I)

• व्याधः (vyādhaḥ) - referring to the speaker's profession (hunter, fowler)

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, on the other hand

• भद्रम् (bhadram) - a blessing, 'may good fortune be yours' (welfare, good fortune, auspiciousness)

• ते (te) - to the brahmin (to you, for you, your)

• किम् (kim) - what (shall I do)? (what?, why?, whether)

• करोमि (karomi) - what shall I do? (I do, I make)

• प्रशाधि (praśādhi) - please give me instructions (instruct, command, teach)

• माम् (mām) - referring to the hunter (me (accusative))

Words meanings and morphology

व्याधः (vyādhaḥ) - the dharma-hunter (dharmavyādha) (hunter, fowler)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vyādha

vyādha - hunter, fowler

Derived from root 'vyadh' (to pierce) + ghañ/a.

Root: vyadh (class 4)

उवाच (uvāca) - he said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect

2nd class verb, 3rd person singular perfect active.

Root: vac (class 2)

अभिवादये (abhivādaye) - expressing respectful salutations (I salute, I greet)

(verb)

1st person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of abhivād

Present

1st class verb, 1st person singular present middle voice. Formed from abhi + vad (causative/denom.).

Prefix: abhi

Root: vad (class 1)

Note: Used here in the sense of offering respectful salutations.

त्वा (tvā) - referring to the brahmin (you (accusative))

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of tva

tva - you

Note: An alternative form of tvām.

भगवन् (bhagavan) - a respectful address to the brahmin (O Venerable One, O Fortunate One, Lord)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bhagavat

bhagavat - venerable, fortunate, divine, lord

Possessive adjective derived from 'bhaga' + matup suffix.

Root: bhaj (class 1)

Note: Also used for divine beings or highly respected individuals.

स्वागतम् (svāgatam) - a polite greeting (welcome, well-come)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of svāgata

svāgata - welcome, well-arrived

A compound (su-āgata) meaning 'well-arrived' or 'welcome', often used as an indeclinable or neuter noun.

Compound type : karmadhāraya (su+āgata)

• su – good, well
  indeclinable
• āgata – arrived, come
  participle
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'gam' with prefix 'ā', formed from ā + gam + kta.
  Prefix: ā
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Used as an exclamation of welcome.

ते (te) - to the brahmin (to you, for you, your)

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of tva

tva - you

Note: Enclitic form of the second person pronoun.

द्विजोत्तम (dvijottama) - a respectful address to the brahmin (O best of brahmins, O best of the twice-born)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of dvijottama

dvijottama - best of brahmins

Compound type : tatpurusha (dvija+uttama)

• dvija – a brahmin, a bird, a tooth, one who is twice-born
  noun (masculine)
  Root: jan (class 4)
• uttama – best, highest, foremost
  adjective
  Superlative of 'ud'.
  Root: ud

अहम् (aham) - the hunter speaking of himself (I)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

व्याधः (vyādhaḥ) - referring to the speaker's profession (hunter, fowler)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vyādha

vyādha - hunter, fowler

Derived from root 'vyadh' (to pierce) + ghañ/a.

Root: vyadh (class 4)

Note: Part of the construction 'aham vyādhaḥ' (I am a hunter).

तु (tu) - but, indeed, on the other hand

(indeclinable)

भद्रम् (bhadram) - a blessing, 'may good fortune be yours' (welfare, good fortune, auspiciousness)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of bhadra

bhadra - good, auspicious, welfare

Root: bhad (class 1)

Note: Often used in blessings.

ते (te) - to the brahmin (to you, for you, your)

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of tva

tva - you

Note: Enclitic form of the second person pronoun.

किम् (kim) - what (shall I do)? (what?, why?, whether)

(interrogative pronoun)

Note: Here used as the object of 'karomi'.

करोमि (karomi) - what shall I do? (I do, I make)

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of kṛ

Present

8th class verb, 1st person singular present active.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Often used in an interrogative sense as 'what should I do?'

प्रशाधि (praśādhi) - please give me instructions (instruct, command, teach)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of praśās

Imperative

2nd class verb, 2nd person singular imperative active. Formed from pra + śās.

Prefix: pra

Root: śās (class 2)

Note: The ending -ādhi is characteristic of some archaic 2nd pers. sing. imperative forms.

माम् (mām) - referring to the hunter (me (accusative))

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we