महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-198, verse-25

राजा प्रशास्ति धर्मेण स्वकर्मनिरताः प्रजाः ।
विकर्माणश्च ये केचित्तान्युनक्ति स्वकर्मसु ॥२५॥

25. rājā praśāsti dharmeṇa svakarmaniratāḥ prajāḥ ,
vikarmāṇaśca ye kecittānyunakti svakarmasu.

25. rājā praśāsti dharmeṇa svakarmaniratāḥ prajāḥ
vikarmāṇaḥ ca ye kecit tān yunakti svakarmasu

25. The king governs his subjects, keeping those who are devoted to their own duties (karma) in line with the natural law (dharma). And whoever among them engages in improper actions (vikarma), he guides them back to their proper duties (karma).

Words meanings summery:

• राजा (rājā) - king, ruler

• प्रशास्ति (praśāsti) - governs, rules, commands

• धर्मेण (dharmeṇa) - by means of the natural law (dharma) (by means of natural law, according to righteousness)

• स्वकर्मनिरताः (svakarmaniratāḥ) - those devoted to their own duties (karma) (devoted to their own duties, intent on their own actions)

• प्रजाः (prajāḥ) - subjects, people, offspring

• विकर्माणः (vikarmāṇaḥ) - those who engage in improper actions (vikarma) (those who perform wrong actions, wicked)

• च (ca) - and, also

• ये (ye) - who, whoever

• केचित् (kecit) - some, whoever, any

• तान् (tān) - them, those

• युनक्ति (yunakti) - he engages, he joins, he appoints

• स्वकर्मसु (svakarmasu) - in their own duties (karma) (in their own duties, in their own actions)

Words meanings and morphology

राजा (rājā) - king, ruler

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler, prince

प्रशास्ति (praśāsti) - governs, rules, commands

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present indicative (lat) of pra-śās

Prefix: pra

Root: śās (class 2)

धर्मेण (dharmeṇa) - by means of the natural law (dharma) (by means of natural law, according to righteousness)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - natural law, righteousness, duty, constitution, virtue

Root: dhṛ

स्वकर्मनिरताः (svakarmaniratāḥ) - those devoted to their own duties (karma) (devoted to their own duties, intent on their own actions)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of svakarmanirata

svakarmanirata - devoted to one's own duties/actions

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (sva+karman+nirata)

• sva – one's own, self, property
  pronoun
• karman – action, deed, duty, ritual
  noun (neuter)
  Root: kṛ
• nirata – devoted, engaged, intent on, delighted in
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Past Passive Participle of root 'ram' with prefix 'ni'
  Prefix: ni
  Root: ram (class 1)

प्रजाः (prajāḥ) - subjects, people, offspring

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, plural of prajā

prajā - subjects, people, creatures, offspring, progeny

विकर्माणः (vikarmāṇaḥ) - those who engage in improper actions (vikarma) (those who perform wrong actions, wicked)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vikarman

vikarman - performing improper actions, wicked, transgressive

Compound type : Prādi-samāsa (vi+karman)

• vi – bad, wrong, opposite, apart
  indeclinable
• karman – action, deed, duty, ritual
  noun (neuter)
  Root: kṛ

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

ये (ye) - who, whoever

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yad

yad - who, which, what, whoever

केचित् (kecit) - some, whoever, any

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kim-cid

kim-cid - someone, something, any, whoever

Formed by adding the particle 'cid' to the interrogative pronoun 'kim'.

तान् (tān) - them, those

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those, he, she, it, they

युनक्ति (yunakti) - he engages, he joins, he appoints

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present indicative (lat) of yuj

Root: yuj (class 7)

स्वकर्मसु (svakarmasu) - in their own duties (karma) (in their own duties, in their own actions)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, plural of svakarman

svakarman - one's own action, one's proper duty

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (sva+karman)

• sva – one's own, self, property
  pronoun
• karman – action, deed, duty, ritual
  noun (neuter)
  Root: kṛ