योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-6, chapter-28, verse-54

इति बन्धुवियोगेषु किं वृथा परितप्यसे ।
अवश्यमेव च मया मर्तव्यमिति निश्चयः ॥ ५४ ॥

iti bandhuviyogeṣu kiṃ vṛthā paritapyase ,
avaśyameva ca mayā martavyamiti niścayaḥ 54

54. iti bandhuviyogeṣu kim vṛthā paritapyase
avaśyam eva ca mayā martavyam iti niścayaḥ

54. iti bandhuviyogeṣu kim vṛthā paritapyase
ca mayā avaśyam eva martavyam iti niścayaḥ

54. Thus, why do you grieve uselessly over the separations from relatives? Moreover, it is my firm conviction that I too must inevitably die.

Words meanings summery:

• इति (iti) - thus, so, in this way, therefore

• बन्धुवियोगेषु (bandhuviyogeṣu) - in the separations from relatives, in the loss of kinsmen

• किम् (kim) - what, why, whether

• वृथा (vṛthā) - uselessly, in vain, needlessly

• परितप्यसे (paritapyase) - you grieve, you suffer, you torment yourself

• अवश्यम् (avaśyam) - necessarily, certainly, inevitably

• एव (eva) - just, only, indeed, certainly

• च (ca) - and, also, moreover

• मया (mayā) - by me

• मर्तव्यम् (martavyam) - to be died, bound to die, mortal

• इति (iti) - thus, so, in this way, therefore

• निश्चयः (niścayaḥ) - certainty, conviction, firm conclusion

Words meanings and morphology

इति (iti) - thus, so, in this way, therefore

(indeclinable)

Particle, often marks quotation or conclusion

बन्धुवियोगेषु (bandhuviyogeṣu) - in the separations from relatives, in the loss of kinsmen

(noun)

Locative, masculine, plural of bandhuviyoga

bandhuviyoga - separation from relatives, loss of kinsmen

Compound of 'bandhu' (relative) and 'viyoga' (separation)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bandhu+viyoga)

• bandhu – relative, kinsman, friend
  noun (masculine)
  Root: bandh (class 9)
• viyoga – separation, disunion, absence
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root 'yuj' (to join) with 'vi-' (apart) and 'ghaṉ' suffix
  Prefix: vi
  Root: yuj (class 7)

किम् (kim) - what, why, whether

(interrogative pronoun)

वृथा (vṛthā) - uselessly, in vain, needlessly

(indeclinable)

Adverb

परितप्यसे (paritapyase) - you grieve, you suffer, you torment yourself

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of tap

Present middle 2nd person singular from root 'tap' with prefix 'pari-'

Prefix: pari

Root: tap (class 1)

अवश्यम् (avaśyam) - necessarily, certainly, inevitably

(indeclinable)

Adverbial form

एव (eva) - just, only, indeed, certainly

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle

च (ca) - and, also, moreover

(indeclinable)

Conjunction

मया (mayā) - by me

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of aham

aham - I, myself

First person singular pronoun

मर्तव्यम् (martavyam) - to be died, bound to die, mortal

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of martavya

martavya - to be died, bound to die, mortal

Gerundive

Future Passive Participle (gerundive) from root mṛ (to die)

Root: mṛ (class 6)

इति (iti) - thus, so, in this way, therefore

(indeclinable)

Particle, often marks quotation or conclusion

निश्चयः (niścayaḥ) - certainty, conviction, firm conclusion

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of niścaya

niścaya - certainty, conviction, firm conclusion, decision

From root 'ci' (to collect, determine) with 'nis-' prefix

Prefix: nis

Root: ci (class 5)