योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-6, chapter-28, verse-40

तथेदमल्पकालस्थमपि संलक्ष्यते स्थिरम् ।
व्योमन्येव यथा तापतप्ते संदृश्यते सरित् ॥ ४० ॥

tathedamalpakālasthamapi saṃlakṣyate sthiram ,
vyomanyeva yathā tāpatapte saṃdṛśyate sarit 40

40. tathā idam alpakālastham api saṃlakṣyate sthiram
vyomani eva yathā tāpatapte saṃdṛśyate sarit

40. tathā,
idam alpakālastham api sthiram saṃlakṣyate,
yathā tāpatapte vyomani eva sarit saṃdṛśyate.

40. Similarly, this (world), even though it exists for a short time, is perceived as stable, just as a river appears in the sky itself when it is scorched by heat (like a mirage).

Words meanings summery:

• तथा (tathā) - similarly (similarly, thus, so)

• इदम् (idam) - this (world/phenomenon) (this, it)

• अल्पकालस्थम् (alpakālastham) - existing for a short time (existing for a short time, transient)

• अपि (api) - even, although (also, even, too)

• संलक्ष्यते (saṁlakṣyate) - is perceived (is perceived, is observed, is noticed)

• स्थिरम् (sthiram) - as stable (stable, firm, steady, motionless)

• व्योमनि (vyomani) - in the sky (in the sky, in space)

• एव (eva) - itself (emphasizing 'sky') (only, just, indeed, certainly)

• यथा (yathā) - just as (just as, as, in which way)

• तापतप्ते (tāpatapte) - in the heat-scorched (sky/region) (scorched by heat, heated by warmth)

• संदृश्यते (saṁdṛśyate) - appears (is seen, appears, becomes visible)

• सरित् (sarit) - a river (as a mirage) (river, stream)

Words meanings and morphology

तथा (tathā) - similarly (similarly, thus, so)

(indeclinable)

From tad (demonstrative pronoun) + thā suffix.

Note: Connects to the previous idea.

इदम् (idam) - this (world/phenomenon) (this, it)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, it, that

Note: Demonstrative pronoun.

अल्पकालस्थम् (alpakālastham) - existing for a short time (existing for a short time, transient)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of alpakālastha

alpakālastha - remaining for a short time, transient

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (alpa+kāla+stha)

• alpa – small, little, few, short
  adjective
• kāla – time, period, season
  noun (masculine)
  From root kal (to count).
  Root: kal (class 10)
• stha – standing, staying, situated, existing
  adjective
  From root sthā (to stand) + a suffix.
  Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'idam'.

अपि (api) - even, although (also, even, too)

(indeclinable)

Note: Indicates concession ("even though").

संलक्ष्यते (saṁlakṣyate) - is perceived (is perceived, is observed, is noticed)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of sam-lakṣ

Prefix: sam

Root: lakṣ (class 10)

Note: From sam-lakṣ (to mark, observe), passive saṃlakṣyate.

स्थिरम् (sthiram) - as stable (stable, firm, steady, motionless)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of sthira

sthira - firm, steady, stable, unmoving, lasting

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: As predicate adjective agreeing with 'idam'.

व्योमनि (vyomani) - in the sky (in the sky, in space)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of vyoman

vyoman - sky, atmosphere, space

Root vi + root yu (to join), or vy-u-man.

एव (eva) - itself (emphasizing 'sky') (only, just, indeed, certainly)

(indeclinable)

Note: An emphatic particle.

यथा (yathā) - just as (just as, as, in which way)

(indeclinable)

From yad (relative pronoun) + thā suffix.

Note: Particle of comparison.

तापतप्ते (tāpatapte) - in the heat-scorched (sky/region) (scorched by heat, heated by warmth)

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of tāpatapta

tāpatapta - scorched or heated by heat

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (tāpa+tapta)

• tāpa – heat, warmth, torment, suffering
  noun (masculine)
  From root tap (to heat, burn) + a suffix.
  Root: tap (class 1)
• tapta – heated, scorched, burnt, glowing
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root tap (to heat, burn) + kta suffix.
  Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Qualifies implied noun or refers to an aspect of the sky.

संदृश्यते (saṁdṛśyate) - appears (is seen, appears, becomes visible)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of sam-dṛś

Prefix: sam

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: From sam-dṛś (to see, appear), passive saṃdṛśyate.

सरित् (sarit) - a river (as a mirage) (river, stream)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of sarit

sarit - river, stream

From root sṛ (to flow) + at suffix.

Root: sṛ (class 1)

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