वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-116, verse-40

अथाब्रवीद् राजपुत्रो भरतं धर्मिणां वरम् ।
अथोपहितया वाचा मधुरं रघुनन्दनः ॥४०॥

40. athābravīd rājaputro bharataṃ dharmiṇāṃ varam ,
athopahitayā vācā madhuraṃ raghunandanaḥ.

40. atha abravīt rājaputraḥ bharatam dharmiṇām
varam atha upahitayā vācā madhuram raghunandanaḥ

40. atha raghunandanaḥ rājaputraḥ dharmiṇām varam
bharatam atha upahitayā madhuram vācā abravīt

40. Then Prince Rama spoke to Bharata, who was the best among those upholding (dharma). Thereupon, the delight of the Raghu dynasty spoke sweetly with a well-modulated voice.

Words meanings summery:

• अथ (atha) - then, subsequently (then, thereupon, now, next)

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - (Rama) spoke (to Bharata) (he spoke, he said, he declared)

• राजपुत्रः (rājaputraḥ) - Prince Rama (prince, son of a king)

• भरतम् (bharatam) - Bharata, Rama's younger brother, known for his devotion. (Bharata (name of Rama's brother))

• धर्मिणाम् (dharmiṇām) - among those who adhere to (dharma) (referring to Bharata as the best of them) (of the righteous, of those who uphold (dharma))

• वरम् (varam) - the best (among the righteous, referring to Bharata) (best, excellent, boon, choice)

• अथ (atha) - thereupon (introducing the manner of speech) (then, thereupon, now, next)

• उपहितया (upahitayā) - with a well-modulated/composed (voice) (endowed with, furnished with, well-modulated, composed)

• वाचा (vācā) - with his speech (by voice, with speech, by words)

• मधुरम् (madhuram) - sweetly (adverb describing how he spoke) (sweetly, pleasantly, melodiously)

• रघुनन्दनः (raghunandanaḥ) - Prince Rama, as the illustrious descendant of Raghu (descendant of Raghu, delight of Raghu's line (epithet for Rama))

Words meanings and morphology

अथ (atha) - then, subsequently (then, thereupon, now, next)

(indeclinable)

Particle of commencement or sequence.

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - (Rama) spoke (to Bharata) (he spoke, he said, he declared)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect past (laṅ) of brū

Imperfect tense (Laṅ)

From root brū (2nd class), with a augment for imperfect.

Root: brū (class 2)

राजपुत्रः (rājaputraḥ) - Prince Rama (prince, son of a king)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājaputra

rājaputra - prince, son of a king

Compound.

Compound type : tatpurusha (rājan+putra)

• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
  Root: rāj (class 1)
• putra – son
  noun (masculine)

Note: Subject of abravīt.

भरतम् (bharatam) - Bharata, Rama's younger brother, known for his devotion. (Bharata (name of Rama's brother))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bharata

bharata - Bharata (name), cherished, maintained

From root bhṛ (to bear, carry, maintain).

Root: bhṛ (class 1)

Note: Object of abravīt.

धर्मिणाम् (dharmiṇām) - among those who adhere to (dharma) (referring to Bharata as the best of them) (of the righteous, of those who uphold (dharma))

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of dharmin

dharmin - righteous, virtuous, pious, one who possesses (dharma)

From dharma + in suffix.

Note: Genitive of comparison for varam.

वरम् (varam) - the best (among the righteous, referring to Bharata) (best, excellent, boon, choice)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vara

vara - best, excellent, superior; a boon, a choice

From root vṛ (to choose).

Root: vṛ (class 9)

Note: Qualifies bharatam.

अथ (atha) - thereupon (introducing the manner of speech) (then, thereupon, now, next)

(indeclinable)

Particle of commencement or sequence.

Note: Repetition for emphasis or slight shift in focus.

उपहितया (upahitayā) - with a well-modulated/composed (voice) (endowed with, furnished with, well-modulated, composed)

(adjective)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of upahita

upahita - endowed with, placed, composed, joined

Past Passive Participle

From upa + root dhā (to place, lay). Here, to put together, compose, or render.

Prefix: upa

Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Qualifies vācā.

वाचा (vācā) - with his speech (by voice, with speech, by words)

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of vāc

vāc - voice, speech, word, language

C-stem noun.

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Instrument of abravīt.

मधुरम् (madhuram) - sweetly (adverb describing how he spoke) (sweetly, pleasantly, melodiously)

(indeclinable)

Note: Often accusative singular neuter used adverbially.

रघुनन्दनः (raghunandanaḥ) - Prince Rama, as the illustrious descendant of Raghu (descendant of Raghu, delight of Raghu's line (epithet for Rama))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of raghunandana

raghunandana - descendant of Raghu, delight of Raghu, (Rama)

Compound.

Compound type : tatpurusha (raghu+nandana)

• raghu – Raghu (name of an ancient king, ancestor of Rama)
  proper noun (masculine)
• nandana – son, delight, gladdening
  noun (masculine)
  From root nand (to rejoice) + ana suffix.
  Root: nand (class 1)

Note: Coreferential with rājaputraḥ and the implied subject of abravīt.