वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-116, verse-31

ददृशुस्ते समायान्तं राघवं सपुरःसरम् ।
विराजमानं वपुषा रथेनातिरथं तदा ॥३१॥

31. dadṛśuste samāyāntaṃ rāghavaṃ sapuraḥsaram ,
virājamānaṃ vapuṣā rathenātirathaṃ tadā.

31. dadṛśuḥ te samāyāntaṃ rāghavaṃ sapuraḥsaram
virājamānaṃ vapuṣā rathena atirathaṃ tadā

31. tadā te sapuraḥsaram vapuṣā virājamānaṃ
rathena atirathaṃ samāyāntaṃ rāghavaṃ dadṛśuḥ

31. Then they saw Rama (Rāghava) approaching, accompanied by his vanguard, resplendent in form and a mighty warrior (atiratha) in his chariot.

Words meanings summery:

• ददृशुः (dadṛśuḥ) - they saw

• ते (te) - the monkeys (they)

• समायान्तं (samāyāntaṁ) - approaching, coming together

• राघवं (rāghavaṁ) - Rama (descendant of Raghu)

• सपुरःसरम् (sapuraḥsaram) - with his vanguard/escort, accompanied by his leaders

• विराजमानं (virājamānaṁ) - shining, resplendent, brilliant

• वपुषा (vapuṣā) - by body, by form

• रथेन (rathena) - by chariot, in a chariot

• अतिरथं (atirathaṁ) - a mighty warrior, a great charioteer

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

Words meanings and morphology

ददृशुः (dadṛśuḥ) - they saw

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (liṭ) of dṛś

Root: dṛś (class 1)

ते (te) - the monkeys (they)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, it

समायान्तं (samāyāntaṁ) - approaching, coming together

(participle)

Accusative, masculine, singular of samāyānt

samāyānt - approaching, coming together

Present Active Participle

From sam + ā + √yā (to go)

Prefixes: sam+ā

Root: yā (class 2)

Note: Qualifies 'rāghavaṃ'.

राघवं (rāghavaṁ) - Rama (descendant of Raghu)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rāghava

rāghava - descendant of Raghu, Rama

Patronymic from Raghu.

सपुरःसरम् (sapuraḥsaram) - with his vanguard/escort, accompanied by his leaders

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sapuraḥsara

sapuraḥsara - accompanied by a vanguard/escort

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sa+puraḥsara)

• sa – with, accompanied by
  indeclinable
• puraḥsara – going before, vanguard, leader
  noun (masculine)
  From puras (before) + √sṛ (to go)
  Prefix: puras
  Root: sṛ (class 1)

विराजमानं (virājamānaṁ) - shining, resplendent, brilliant

(participle)

Accusative, masculine, singular of virājamāna

virājamāna - shining, resplendent, brilliant

Present Middle Participle

From vi + √rāj (to shine)

Prefix: vi

Root: rāj (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'rāghavaṃ'.

वपुषा (vapuṣā) - by body, by form

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of vapus

vapus - body, form, figure

रथेन (rathena) - by chariot, in a chariot

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of ratha

ratha - chariot

अतिरथं (atirathaṁ) - a mighty warrior, a great charioteer

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of atiratha

atiratha - a mighty warrior, a great charioteer (one who can fight against many chariots)

Compound type : prādi-tatpuruṣa (ati+ratha)

• ati – exceeding, very, mighty
  indeclinable
• ratha – chariot, warrior in a chariot
  noun (masculine)

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)