महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-188, verse-61

दस्युप्रपीडिता राजन्काका इव द्विजोत्तमाः ।
कुराजभिश्च सततं करभारप्रपीडिताः ॥६१॥

61. dasyuprapīḍitā rājankākā iva dvijottamāḥ ,
kurājabhiśca satataṁ karabhāraprapīḍitāḥ.

61. dasyuprāpīḍitāḥ rājan kākāḥ iva dvijottamāḥ
kurājabhiḥ ca satatam karabhāraprāpīḍitāḥ

61. O King, the most excellent of the twice-born (dvija), oppressed by robbers, will be like crows. And they will be constantly tormented by the burden of taxes imposed by bad kings.

61. הו מלך, מיטב הבְּרַהְמִינים יהיו מוטרדים בידי שודדים כמו עורבים, ומדוכאים תמיד תחת נטל המסים של מלכים רעים,

Words meanings summery:

• दस्युप्रापीडिताः (dasyuprāpīḍitāḥ) - oppressed by bandits, tormented by robbers

• राजन् (rājan) - O king

• काकाः (kākāḥ) - crows

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• द्विजोत्तमाः (dvijottamāḥ) - best among Brahmins (dvija) (excellent twice-born ones, best among Brahmins)

• कुराजभिः (kurājabhiḥ) - by bad kings, by evil rulers

• च (ca) - and, also

• सततम् (satatam) - constantly, always

• करभारप्रापीडिताः (karabhāraprāpīḍitāḥ) - tormented by the burden of taxes, oppressed by heavy taxes

Words meanings and morphology

दस्युप्रापीडिताः (dasyuprāpīḍitāḥ) - oppressed by bandits, tormented by robbers

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of dasyuprāpīḍita

dasyuprāpīḍita - oppressed by robbers

Past Passive Participle

Compound formed from `dasyu` (robber) and `prāpīḍita` (oppressed). `prāpīḍita` is PPP of `pra` + `√pīḍ` (to oppress).

Compound type : Bahuvrihi (dasyu+prāpīḍita)

• dasyu – robber, bandit
  noun (masculine)
• prāpīḍita – oppressed, tormented
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From `pra` (prefix) + `√pīḍ` (to oppress, torment) + `kta` suffix (PPP).
  Prefix: pra
  Root: pīḍ (class 10)

Note: Qualifies `dvijottamāḥ`.

राजन् (rājan) - O king

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

काकाः (kākāḥ) - crows

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kāka

kāka - crow

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

Note: Particle expressing comparison.

द्विजोत्तमाः (dvijottamāḥ) - best among Brahmins (dvija) (excellent twice-born ones, best among Brahmins)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of dvijottama

dvijottama - best of the twice-born

Compound of `dvija` (twice-born) and `uttama` (best, excellent).

Compound type : Tatpurusha (dvija+uttama)

• dvija – twice-born, brahmin, bird, tooth
  noun (masculine)
  Root: jan (class 4)
• uttama – best, excellent, highest
  adjective (masculine)
  Superlative of `ut`.

Note: Refers to Brahmins.

कुराजभिः (kurājabhiḥ) - by bad kings, by evil rulers

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of kurāja

kurāja - bad king, evil ruler

Compound of `ku` (bad) and `rāja` (king).

Compound type : Pravriddha Tatpurusha (ku+rāja)

• ku – bad, evil, contemptible
  indeclinable
• rāja – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
  From `√rāj` (to rule).
  Root: rāj (class 1)

Note: Indicates agency for the oppression.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

सततम् (satatam) - constantly, always

(indeclinable)

From `sa` (with) + `tata` (spread, extended, from `√tan`). `sa-tata` is 'always going on'.

Note: Used adverbially here (accusative neuter singular form).

करभारप्रापीडिताः (karabhāraprāpīḍitāḥ) - tormented by the burden of taxes, oppressed by heavy taxes

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of karabhāraprāpīḍita

karabhāraprāpīḍita - tormented by tax burdens

Past Passive Participle

Compound formed from `karabhāra` (tax burden) and `prāpīḍita` (oppressed). `prāpīḍita` is PPP of `pra` + `√pīḍ` (to oppress).

Compound type : Bahuvrihi (karabhāra+prāpīḍita)

• karabhāra – burden of taxes, tax-load
  noun (masculine)
  Compound of `kara` (tax) and `bhāra` (burden).
• prāpīḍita – oppressed, tormented
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From `pra` (prefix) + `√pīḍ` (to oppress, torment) + `kta` suffix (PPP).
  Prefix: pra
  Root: pīḍ (class 10)

Note: Qualifies `dvijottamāḥ`.

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