महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-188, verse-58

हाहाकृता द्विजाश्चैव भयार्ता वृषलार्दिताः ।
त्रातारमलभन्तो वै भ्रमिष्यन्ति महीमिमाम् ॥५८॥

58. hāhākṛtā dvijāścaiva bhayārtā vṛṣalārditāḥ ,
trātāramalabhanto vai bhramiṣyanti mahīmimām.

58. hāhā kṛtāḥ dvijāḥ ca eva bhayārtāḥ vṛṣalārditāḥ
trātāram alabhantaḥ vai bhramiṣyanti mahīm imām

58. Indeed, the twice-born (dvija) will cry out in distress, afflicted by fear and oppressed by low-caste people (vṛṣala). Without finding any protector, they will surely wander this earth.

58. הבְּרַהְמִינים ישמיעו קריאות צער, מיוסרים מפחד ונרדפים בידי אנשים שפלים, ולא ימצאו מושיע, ויתרוצצו על פני הארץ הזאת.

Words meanings summery:

• हाहा (hāhā) - alas, oh dear, an exclamation of distress

• कृताः (kṛtāḥ) - made, done, sounded (as in 'crying out')

• द्विजाः (dvijāḥ) - Brahmins (twice-born ones)

• च (ca) - and, also

• एव (eva) - indeed, only, just

• भयार्ताः (bhayārtāḥ) - distressed by fear, fear-stricken

• वृषलार्दिताः (vṛṣalārditāḥ) - oppressed by Śūdras/low-caste people

• त्रातारम् (trātāram) - a protector, saviour

• अलभन्तः (alabhantaḥ) - not finding, without obtaining

• वै (vai) - indeed, truly, surely

• भ्रमिष्यन्ति (bhramiṣyanti) - they will wander, they will roam

• महीम् (mahīm) - the earth

• इमाम् (imām) - this

Words meanings and morphology

हाहा (hāhā) - alas, oh dear, an exclamation of distress

(indeclinable)

Reduplication of 'hā'

कृताः (kṛtāḥ) - made, done, sounded (as in 'crying out')

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kṛta

kṛta - done, made, performed

Past Passive Participle

From root kṛ (to do, make)

Root: kṛ (class 8)

द्विजाः (dvijāḥ) - Brahmins (twice-born ones)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of dvija

dvija - twice-born (a Brahmin, Kshatriya, or Vaishya), bird, tooth

Compound of dvi and ja

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dvi+ja)

• dvi – two
  numeral
• ja – born, produced from
  adjective (masculine)
  From root jan
  Root: jan (class 4)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - indeed, only, just

(indeclinable)

भयार्ताः (bhayārtāḥ) - distressed by fear, fear-stricken

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of bhayārta

bhayārta - distressed by fear, terrified

Compound of bhaya and ārta

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bhaya+ārta)

• bhaya – fear, dread, terror
  noun (neuter)
  From root bhī (to fear)
  Root: bhī (class 3)
• ārta – afflicted, distressed, suffering
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root ṛ (to go, move, suffer)
  Root: ṛ (class 3)

वृषलार्दिताः (vṛṣalārditāḥ) - oppressed by Śūdras/low-caste people

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vṛṣalārdita

vṛṣalārdita - tormented by Śūdras, oppressed by low-caste individuals

Compound of vṛṣala and ārdita

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vṛṣala+ārdita)

• vṛṣala – a Śūdra, a low-caste person, an outcaste
  noun (masculine)
  Root: vṛṣ (class 1)
• ārdita – afflicted, oppressed, tormented
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root ṛd (to pain, afflict) with prefix ā
  Prefix: ā
  Root: ṛd

त्रातारम् (trātāram) - a protector, saviour

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of trātṛ

trātṛ - protector, saviour, deliverer

Agent Noun

From root trā (to protect)

Root: trā (class 2)

अलभन्तः (alabhantaḥ) - not finding, without obtaining

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of alabhanta

alabhanta - not obtaining, not getting

Negative Present Active Participle

From root labh (to obtain) with negative prefix a

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (a+labhanta)

• a – not, non-, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• labhamāna – obtaining, getting, gaining
  adjective (masculine)
  Present Middle Participle
  From root labh (to obtain)
  Root: labh (class 1)

Note: This is a present participle, declined like an adjective.

वै (vai) - indeed, truly, surely

(indeclinable)

Particle of emphasis

भ्रमिष्यन्ति (bhramiṣyanti) - they will wander, they will roam

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, future (lṛṭ) of bhram

Future Tense

3rd plural future active

Root: bhram (class 1)

महीम् (mahīm) - the earth

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of mahī

mahī - earth, ground, land

इमाम् (imām) - this

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of idam

idam - this, this one

Previous Verse Next Verse