महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-95, verse-6

विश्वामित्र उवाच ।
नैतस्येह यथास्माकं शश्वच्छास्त्रं जरद्गवः ।
अलसः क्षुत्परो मूर्खस्तेन पीवाञ्शुनःसखः ॥६॥

6. viśvāmitra uvāca ,
naitasyeha yathāsmākaṁ śaśvacchāstraṁ jaradgavaḥ ,
alasaḥ kṣutparo mūrkhastena pīvāñśunaḥsakhaḥ.

6. Viśvāmitraḥ uvāca | na etasya
iha yathā asmākam śaśvat śāstram
jaradgavaḥ | alasaḥ kṣutparaḥ
mūrkhaḥ tena pīvān śunaḥsakhaḥ

6. Viśvāmitraḥ uvāca na etasya iha śaśvat śāstram jaradgavaḥ,
alasaḥ,
kṣutparaḥ,
mūrkhaḥ ca yathā asmākam asti tena śunaḥsakhaḥ pīvān.

6. Viśvāmitra said: Unlike us, he here does not suffer from his constant study (śāstram) making him feel like an old, worn-out bull (jaradgava), lazy, dominated by hunger, and foolish. Therefore, the companion of dogs (Śunaḥsakha) is stout.

Words meanings summery:

• विश्वामित्रः (viśvāmitraḥ) - Viśvāmitra (a proper name)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• न (na) - not, no

• एतस्य (etasya) - of him, for him, of this

• इह (iha) - here, in this world, in this case

• यथा (yathā) - as, just as, according to

• अस्माकम् (asmākam) - of us, for us

• शश्वत् (śaśvat) - continuous, unbroken (referring to study) (constant, perpetual, always)

• शास्त्रम् (śāstram) - constant study or learning (scripture, sacred knowledge, learning, discipline, instruction)

• जरद्गवः (jaradgavaḥ) - an old, unproductive, and perhaps foolish person (referring to the sage's plight due to hardship) (an old bull/ox, an old and useless person)

• अलसः (alasaḥ) - lazy, idle, slothful

• क्षुत्परः (kṣutparaḥ) - intent on hunger, dominated by hunger, very hungry

• मूर्खः (mūrkhaḥ) - foolish, ignorant, stupid

• तेन (tena) - Therefore, for that reason (by him, by that, therefore)

• पीवान् (pīvān) - stout, fat, plump

• शुनःसखः (śunaḥsakhaḥ) - Śunaḥsakha, a specific person mentioned in the narrative, or a derogatory term for someone associated with dogs (companion of dogs, dog-companion)

Words meanings and morphology

विश्वामित्रः (viśvāmitraḥ) - Viśvāmitra (a proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of Viśvāmitra

Viśvāmitra - Name of a celebrated Vedic sage; friend of all, universal friend

Compound of 'viśva' (all, universal) + 'mitra' (friend)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (viśva+mitra)

• viśva – all, universal
  adjective (neuter)
• mitra – friend, companion
  noun (masculine)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

perfect tense, 3rd person singular, active voice

From the root √vac (2nd class, Parasmaipada)

Root: vac (class 2)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

एतस्य (etasya) - of him, for him, of this

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine/neuter, singular of etad

etad - this, that (demonstrative pronoun)

Masculine/neuter genitive singular

इह (iha) - here, in this world, in this case

(indeclinable)

Adverb of place

यथा (yathā) - as, just as, according to

(indeclinable)

Correlative particle

अस्माकम् (asmākam) - of us, for us

(pronoun)

Genitive, plural of asmad

asmad - I, we (first person pronoun)

Genitive plural of 'asmad'

शश्वत् (śaśvat) - continuous, unbroken (referring to study) (constant, perpetual, always)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of śaśvat

śaśvat - constant, perpetual, eternal, always (as adverb)

Present participle of √śaś (to jump, to be strong)

Used as an adjective modifying 'śāstram'

Root: śaś (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'śāstram'.

शास्त्रम् (śāstram) - constant study or learning (scripture, sacred knowledge, learning, discipline, instruction)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of śāstra

śāstra - sacred precept, rule, teaching, treatise, scripture, science, knowledge, discipline

From √śās (to teach, instruct)

Root: śās (class 2)

जरद्गवः (jaradgavaḥ) - an old, unproductive, and perhaps foolish person (referring to the sage's plight due to hardship) (an old bull/ox, an old and useless person)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jaradgava

jaradgava - old bull, old cow, aged person, decrepit, worn out

Compound of 'jarat' (old, decaying) + 'gava' (cow/bull)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (jarat+gava)

• jarat – decaying, old, decrepit
  adjective (masculine/feminine/neuter)
  Present Active Participle
  From √jṛ (to decay, grow old) + the suffix -śatṛ
  Root: jṛ (class 1)
• gava – bull, cow, ox
  noun (masculine)
  Derivative of 'go' (cow/bull)

अलसः (alasaḥ) - lazy, idle, slothful

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of alasa

alasa - lazy, idle, inactive, slothful

Compound of 'a' (not) + 'lasa' (active, playful)

क्षुत्परः (kṣutparaḥ) - intent on hunger, dominated by hunger, very hungry

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṣutpara

kṣutpara - intent on hunger, dominated by hunger, extremely hungry

Compound of 'kṣudh' (hunger) + 'para' (intent on, devoted to). 'd' of 'kṣudh' becomes 't' before 'p'.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kṣudh+para)

• kṣudh – hunger, appetite
  noun (feminine)
  Root: kṣudh (class 1)
• para – intent on, devoted to, supreme, chief
  adjective (masculine)

मूर्खः (mūrkhaḥ) - foolish, ignorant, stupid

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mūrkha

mūrkha - foolish, stupid, ignorant, dull-witted

From √murch (to become faint, foolish)

Root: murch (class 1)

तेन (tena) - Therefore, for that reason (by him, by that, therefore)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine/neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he/she/it (demonstrative pronoun)

Masculine/neuter instrumental singular

पीवान् (pīvān) - stout, fat, plump

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pīvan

pīvan - fat, stout, plump, strong

Nominative singular masculine form

शुनःसखः (śunaḥsakhaḥ) - Śunaḥsakha, a specific person mentioned in the narrative, or a derogatory term for someone associated with dogs (companion of dogs, dog-companion)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śunaḥsakha

śunaḥsakha - companion of dogs, dog-friend

Compound of 'śun' (dog) + 'sakha' (friend/companion)

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (śun+sakha)

• śun – dog
  noun (masculine)
• sakha – friend, companion
  noun (masculine)