महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-95, verse-10

गौतम उवाच ।
नैतस्येह यथास्माकं त्रिकौशेयं हि राङ्कवम् ।
एकैकं वै त्रिवार्षीयं तेन पीवाञ्शुनःसखः ॥१०॥

10. gautama uvāca ,
naitasyeha yathāsmākaṁ trikauśeyaṁ hi rāṅkavam ,
ekaikaṁ vai trivārṣīyaṁ tena pīvāñśunaḥsakhaḥ.

10. Gautamaḥ uvāca | na etasya iha yathā asmākam trikauśeyam hi
rāṅkavam | ekaikam vai trivārṣīyam tena pīvān śunaḥsakhaḥ

10. Gautamaḥ uvāca etasya iha asmākam yathā hi ekaikam trivārṣīyam trikauśeyam rāṅkavam na asti.
tena śunaḥsakhaḥ pīvān asti.

10. Gautama said: "Unlike us, he does not have here three garments of antelope (raṅkava) hide, each of which must last for three years. Therefore, the friend of dogs is fat."

Words meanings summery:

• गौतमः (gautamaḥ) - The sage Gautama (Gautama (a proper noun, name of a sage))

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• एतस्य (etasya) - for him (referring to the friend of dogs) (of this, for this (person))

• इह (iha) - here (in this place/situation) (here, in this world)

• यथा (yathā) - as, just as (as, just as, like)

• अस्माकम् (asmākam) - for us (as we have) (of us, to us, for us)

• त्रिकौशेयम् (trikauśeyam) - three garments (made of silk/fine cloth) (three silken garments)

• हि (hi) - indeed, surely (indeed, surely, for, because)

• राङ्कवम् (rāṅkavam) - made of antelope hide/wool (made of raṅku deer skin/wool, an antelope garment)

• एकैकं (ekaikaṁ) - each one (of the garments) (each one, singly)

• वै (vai) - indeed, surely (indeed, certainly, surely)

• त्रिवार्षीयम् (trivārṣīyam) - meant to last for three years (lasting for three years, three years old)

• तेन (tena) - therefore, because of that (by that, therefore, on account of that)

• पीवान् (pīvān) - fat, plump (fat, plump, stout)

• शुनःसखः (śunaḥsakhaḥ) - the friend of dogs (referring to the main subject of the narrative) (friend of dogs)

Words meanings and morphology

गौतमः (gautamaḥ) - The sage Gautama (Gautama (a proper noun, name of a sage))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of Gautama

Gautama - name of an ancient sage, a prominent rishi, founder of the Nyaya school of philosophy

Note: Refers to the speaker of the verse.

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of vac

perfect active

Perfect, 3rd person singular, active voice. Root 'vac' (वच्).

Root: vac (class 2)

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

एतस्य (etasya) - for him (referring to the friend of dogs) (of this, for this (person))

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of etad

etad - this, this one

Note: Used here in a dative sense, 'for him'.

इह (iha) - here (in this place/situation) (here, in this world)

(indeclinable)

यथा (yathā) - as, just as (as, just as, like)

(indeclinable)

अस्माकम् (asmākam) - for us (as we have) (of us, to us, for us)

(pronoun)

Genitive, plural of asmad

asmad - I, we

Note: Genitive case, here implying possession or state, 'as for us, we have'.

त्रिकौशेयम् (trikauśeyam) - three garments (made of silk/fine cloth) (three silken garments)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of trikauśeya

trikauśeya - a garment of three silken pieces, three pieces of silk cloth

Compound type : dvigu (tri+kauśeya)

• tri – three
  numeral adjective
• kauśeya – silken, made of silk, silk cloth
  noun (neuter)
  Derived from 'kośa' (कोश) meaning 'cocoon'.

Note: Refers to a set of three such garments.

हि (hi) - indeed, surely (indeed, surely, for, because)

(indeclinable)

राङ्कवम् (rāṅkavam) - made of antelope hide/wool (made of raṅku deer skin/wool, an antelope garment)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of rāṅkava

rāṅkava - belonging to or derived from the raṅku deer/antelope (a species of deer with white stripes); made of its skin or wool

Taddhita derivative from 'raṅku'.

Note: Refers to the material of the garments.

एकैकं (ekaikaṁ) - each one (of the garments) (each one, singly)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of ekaika

ekaika - each one, singly, one by one

Reduplicated 'eka' (one).

Note: Emphasizes that each garment lasts for three years.

वै (vai) - indeed, surely (indeed, certainly, surely)

(indeclinable)

त्रिवार्षीयम् (trivārṣīyam) - meant to last for three years (lasting for three years, three years old)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of trivārṣīya

trivārṣīya - lasting for three years, three years old, of three years

Derived from 'tri' (three) and 'varṣa' (year) with suffix 'īya'.

Note: Describes the longevity of the garments.

तेन (tena) - therefore, because of that (by that, therefore, on account of that)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Used as an adverbial instrumental, 'on account of that'.

पीवान् (pīvān) - fat, plump (fat, plump, stout)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pīvan

pīvan - fat, plump, corpulent, stout

Note: Agrees with 'śunaḥsakhaḥ'.

शुनःसखः (śunaḥsakhaḥ) - the friend of dogs (referring to the main subject of the narrative) (friend of dogs)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śunaḥsakha

śunaḥsakha - friend of dogs

Compound type : tatpurusha (śun+sakhi)

• śun – dog, hound
  noun (masculine)
• sakhi – friend, companion, ally
  noun (masculine)

Note: Refers to the person being discussed.