महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-95, verse-76

ऋषय ऊचुः ।
इष्टमेतद्द्विजातीनां योऽयं ते शपथः कृतः ।
त्वया कृतं बिसस्तैन्यं सर्वेषां नः शुनःसख ॥७६॥

76. ṛṣaya ūcuḥ ,
iṣṭametaddvijātīnāṁ yo'yaṁ te śapathaḥ kṛtaḥ ,
tvayā kṛtaṁ bisastainyaṁ sarveṣāṁ naḥ śunaḥsakha.

76. ṛṣayaḥ ūcuḥ | iṣṭam etat dvijātīnām yaḥ ayam te śapathaḥ
kṛtaḥ | tvayā kṛtam bisastainyam sarveṣām naḥ śunaḥsakha

76. The sages said: 'This oath you have taken is agreeable to the twice-born. O Shunaḥsakha, you have committed the theft of lotus stalks from all of us.'

Words meanings summery:

• ऋषयः (ṛṣayaḥ) - sages, seers

• ऊचुः (ūcuḥ) - they said, they spoke

• इष्टम् (iṣṭam) - agreeable, approved (desired, agreeable, approved, sacrificed)

• एतत् (etat) - this

• द्विजातीनाम् (dvijātīnām) - of the Brahmins (sages) (of the twice-born)

• यः (yaḥ) - who, which

• अयम् (ayam) - this

• ते (te) - your, to you

• शपथः (śapathaḥ) - oath, vow, curse

• कृतः (kṛtaḥ) - taken (an oath) (done, made, performed)

• त्वया (tvayā) - by you

• कृतम् (kṛtam) - done, made, performed

• बिसस्तैन्यम् (bisastainyam) - theft of lotus stalks

• सर्वेषाम् (sarveṣām) - of all

• नः (naḥ) - from us (implies genitive/ablative in context of theft) (us, to us, of us)

• शुनःसख (śunaḥsakha) - Addressed to Shunaḥsakha (O friend of dogs (proper name))

Words meanings and morphology

ऋषयः (ṛṣayaḥ) - sages, seers

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of ṛṣi

ṛṣi - sage, seer, inspired poet

ऊचुः (ūcuḥ) - they said, they spoke

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect Active

Root `vac`, perfect form `uvāca`, plural `ūcuḥ`

Root: vac (class 2)

इष्टम् (iṣṭam) - agreeable, approved (desired, agreeable, approved, sacrificed)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of iṣṭa

iṣṭa - desired, longed for, beloved, worshipped, sacrificed

Past Passive Participle

From root `yaj` (to sacrifice, worship) or `iṣ` (to wish, desire)

Root: iṣ (class 6)

एतत् (etat) - this

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this (near speaker)

द्विजातीनाम् (dvijātīnām) - of the Brahmins (sages) (of the twice-born)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of dvijāti

dvijāti - twice-born, Brahmin, a bird, a tooth, a snake

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dvi+jāti)

• dvi – two, twice
  numeral
• jāti – birth, origin, species, caste
  noun (feminine)
  Root: jan (class 4)

यः (yaḥ) - who, which

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what, that

अयम् (ayam) - this

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this (very near)

ते (te) - your, to you

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of tvad

tvad - you (pronoun)

शपथः (śapathaḥ) - oath, vow, curse

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śapatha

śapatha - oath, curse, imprecation

कृतः (kṛtaḥ) - taken (an oath) (done, made, performed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṛta

kṛta - done, made, performed, created

Past Passive Participle

From root `kṛ` (to do, make)

Root: kṛ (class 8)

त्वया (tvayā) - by you

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of tvad

tvad - you (pronoun)

कृतम् (kṛtam) - done, made, performed

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kṛta

kṛta - done, made, performed, created

Past Passive Participle

From root `kṛ` (to do, make)

Root: kṛ (class 8)

बिसस्तैन्यम् (bisastainyam) - theft of lotus stalks

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of bisastainya

bisastainya - theft of lotus stalks

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bisa+stainya)

• bisa – lotus stalk
  noun (neuter)
• stainya – theft, robbery
  noun (neuter)
  Root: sten (class 10)

सर्वेषाम् (sarveṣām) - of all

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole, entire

नः (naḥ) - from us (implies genitive/ablative in context of theft) (us, to us, of us)

(pronoun)

Genitive, plural of asmad

asmad - I, we (pronoun)

Enclitic form

Note: Used here with an ablative sense due to context of theft.

शुनःसख (śunaḥsakha) - Addressed to Shunaḥsakha (O friend of dogs (proper name))

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of śunaḥsakha

śunaḥsakha - friend of dogs (a proper name, often identified with a sage)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (śvan+sakhi)

• śvan – dog
  noun (masculine)
• sakhi – friend, companion
  noun (masculine)