महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-95, verse-61

भरद्वाज उवाच ।
नृशंसस्त्यक्तधर्मास्तु स्त्रीषु ज्ञातिषु गोषु च ।
ब्राह्मणं चापि जयतां बिसस्तैन्यं करोति यः ॥६१॥

61. bharadvāja uvāca ,
nṛśaṁsastyaktadharmāstu strīṣu jñātiṣu goṣu ca ,
brāhmaṇaṁ cāpi jayatāṁ bisastainyaṁ karoti yaḥ.

61. bharadvāja uvāca nṛśaṃsaḥ tyaktadharmāḥ tu strīṣu jñātiṣu
goṣu ca brāhmaṇam ca api jayatām bisastainyam karoti yaḥ

61. bharadvāja uvāca yaḥ bisastainyam karoti,
saḥ nṛśaṃsaḥ tyaktadharmāḥ tu (bhavati).
(saḥ) strīṣu jñātiṣu goṣu ca brāhmaṇam ca api jayatām.

61. Bharadvāja said: 'He who commits the theft of lotus stalks (bisastainya) is cruel and has abandoned his natural law (dharma). May he indeed overcome women, relatives, cows, and also a brahmin.'

Words meanings summery:

• भरद्वाज (bharadvāja) - Bharadvaja (a sage's name)

• उवाच (uvāca) - he said, spoke

• नृशंसः (nṛśaṁsaḥ) - cruel, wicked, fierce, malicious

• त्यक्तधर्माः (tyaktadharmāḥ) - one who has abandoned natural law, one who has forsaken duty

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, yet, on the other hand

• स्त्रीषु (strīṣu) - among women, over women

• ज्ञातिषु (jñātiṣu) - among relatives, over relatives

• गोषु (goṣu) - among cows, over cows

• च (ca) - and

• ब्राह्मणम् (brāhmaṇam) - a brahmin, pertaining to brahmins

• च (ca) - and

• अपि (api) - also, even

• जयताम् (jayatām) - may the thief be victorious over (these respected entities), as a curse (may he conquer, let him overcome)

• बिसस्तैन्यम् (bisastainyam) - theft of lotus stalks

• करोति (karoti) - he does, he makes, he performs

• यः (yaḥ) - who, he who

Words meanings and morphology

भरद्वाज (bharadvāja) - Bharadvaja (a sage's name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bharadvāja

bharadvāja - Bharadvaja (name of a celebrated Vedic sage, one of the seven Rishis)

उवाच (uvāca) - he said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

perfect tense form

Irregular perfect tense form of √vac.

Root: vac (class 2)

नृशंसः (nṛśaṁsaḥ) - cruel, wicked, fierce, malicious

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nṛśaṃsa

nṛśaṁsa - cruel, wicked, fierce, malicious

Note: Qualifies 'yaḥ' (the thief).

त्यक्तधर्माः (tyaktadharmāḥ) - one who has abandoned natural law, one who has forsaken duty

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tyaktadharma

tyaktadharma - one who has forsaken (dharma), one who has abandoned duty/natural law

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (tyakta+dharma)

• tyakta – abandoned, forsaken, given up
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From √tyaj (to abandon) + suffix kta.
  Root: tyaj (class 1)
• dharma – natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness, virtue
  noun (masculine)
  From √dhṛ (to support, uphold) + suffix man.
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'yaḥ' (the thief).

तु (tu) - but, indeed, yet, on the other hand

(indeclinable)

स्त्रीषु (strīṣu) - among women, over women

(noun)

Locative, feminine, plural of strī

strī - woman, female

Note: Used with verbs of conquering or prevailing, implying 'victorious over' or 'prevailing among'.

ज्ञातिषु (jñātiṣu) - among relatives, over relatives

(noun)

Locative, masculine, plural of jñāti

jñāti - relative, kinsman

From √jñā (to know) + suffix ti.

Root: jñā (class 9)

गोषु (goṣu) - among cows, over cows

(noun)

Locative, feminine, plural of go

go - cow, ox, cattle, earth, ray of light

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

ब्राह्मणम् (brāhmaṇam) - a brahmin, pertaining to brahmins

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of brāhmaṇa

brāhmaṇa - a brahmin, a member of the priestly class; relating to brahman

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

अपि (api) - also, even

(indeclinable)

जयताम् (jayatām) - may the thief be victorious over (these respected entities), as a curse (may he conquer, let him overcome)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, imperative (loṭ) of ji

Grammatically, 'jayatām' is the 3rd plural active imperative (loṭ) for √ji. However, in epic literature, singular forms or variants can occur, and contextually it is interpreted as a 3rd singular imperative here, reflecting a consequence for 'yaḥ'.

Root: ji (class 1)

बिसस्तैन्यम् (bisastainyam) - theft of lotus stalks

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of bisastainya

bisastainya - theft of lotus stalks

Compound type : tatpurusha (bisa+stainya)

• bisa – lotus stalk
  noun (neuter)
• stainya – theft, stealing
  noun (neuter)
  Derived from stena (thief).

करोति (karoti) - he does, he makes, he performs

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of kṛ

Root: kṛ (class 8)

यः (yaḥ) - who, he who

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what, whoever