महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-95, verse-8

कश्यप उवाच ।
नैतस्येह यथास्माकं चत्वारश्च सहोदराः ।
देहि देहीति भिक्षन्ति तेन पीवाञ्शुनःसखः ॥८॥

8. kaśyapa uvāca ,
naitasyeha yathāsmākaṁ catvāraśca sahodarāḥ ,
dehi dehīti bhikṣanti tena pīvāñśunaḥsakhaḥ.

8. Kaśyapaḥ uvāca | na etasya iha yathā asmākam catvāraḥ ca
sahodarāḥ | dehi dehi iti bhikṣanti tena pīvān śunaḥsakhaḥ

8. Kaśyapaḥ uvāca asya iha asmākam yathā catvāraḥ sahodarāḥ dehi dehi iti na bhikṣanti tena śunaḥsakhaḥ pīvān asti.

8. Kaśyapa said: "Unlike us, he does not have four brothers here who beg, saying 'Give, give!' for their sustenance. Therefore, the friend of dogs is fat."

Words meanings summery:

• कश्यपः (kaśyapaḥ) - The sage Kaśyapa (Kaśyapa (a proper noun, name of a sage))

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• एतस्य (etasya) - for him (referring to the friend of dogs) (of this, for this (person))

• इह (iha) - here (in this place/situation) (here, in this world)

• यथा (yathā) - as, just as (as, just as, like)

• अस्माकम् (asmākam) - for us (as we have) (of us, to us, for us)

• चत्वारः (catvāraḥ) - four

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• सहोदराः (sahodarāḥ) - (uterine) brothers (uterine brothers, brothers)

• देहि (dehi) - give! (food, sustenance) (give!)

• देहि (dehi) - give! (food, sustenance) (give!)

• इति (iti) - saying (this) (thus, so, saying)

• भिक्षन्ति (bhikṣanti) - they beg (they beg, they desire to beg)

• तेन (tena) - therefore, because of that (by that, therefore, on account of that)

• पीवान् (pīvān) - fat, plump (fat, plump, stout)

• शुनःसखः (śunaḥsakhaḥ) - the friend of dogs (referring to the main subject of the narrative) (friend of dogs)

Words meanings and morphology

कश्यपः (kaśyapaḥ) - The sage Kaśyapa (Kaśyapa (a proper noun, name of a sage))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of Kaśyapa

Kaśyapa - name of a celebrated Vedic sage, one of the seven great ṛṣis, progenitor of gods, demons, and various other beings

Note: Refers to the speaker of the verse.

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of vac

perfect active

Perfect, 3rd person singular, active voice. Root 'vac' (वच्).

Root: vac (class 2)

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

एतस्य (etasya) - for him (referring to the friend of dogs) (of this, for this (person))

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of etad

etad - this, this one

Note: Used here in a dative sense, 'for him'.

इह (iha) - here (in this place/situation) (here, in this world)

(indeclinable)

यथा (yathā) - as, just as (as, just as, like)

(indeclinable)

अस्माकम् (asmākam) - for us (as we have) (of us, to us, for us)

(pronoun)

Genitive, plural of asmad

asmad - I, we

Note: Genitive case, here implying possession or state, 'as for us, we have'.

चत्वारः (catvāraḥ) - four

(numeral adjective)

Note: Agrees with sahodarāḥ.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Post-positive conjunction.

सहोदराः (sahodarāḥ) - (uterine) brothers (uterine brothers, brothers)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sahodara

sahodara - born from the same womb, full brother, uterine brother

Compound type : bahuvrihi (saha+udara)

• saha – with, together with, along with
  indeclinable
• udara – belly, womb, stomach
  noun (neuter)

देहि (dehi) - give! (food, sustenance) (give!)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (lot) of dā

imperative active

Imperative, 2nd person singular, active voice. Root 'dā' (दा).

Root: dā (class 3)

Note: Repeated for emphasis.

देहि (dehi) - give! (food, sustenance) (give!)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (lot) of dā

imperative active

Imperative, 2nd person singular, active voice. Root 'dā' (दा).

Root: dā (class 3)

Note: Repetition for emphasis.

इति (iti) - saying (this) (thus, so, saying)

(indeclinable)

भिक्षन्ति (bhikṣanti) - they beg (they beg, they desire to beg)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (lat) of bhikṣ

present active

Present, 3rd person plural, active voice. Denominative verb from 'bhikṣā' (begging).

Root: bhikṣ (class 1)

Note: The subject is 'catvāraḥ sahodarāḥ'.

तेन (tena) - therefore, because of that (by that, therefore, on account of that)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Used as an adverbial instrumental, 'on account of that'.

पीवान् (pīvān) - fat, plump (fat, plump, stout)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pīvan

pīvan - fat, plump, corpulent, stout

Note: Agrees with 'śunaḥsakhaḥ'.

शुनःसखः (śunaḥsakhaḥ) - the friend of dogs (referring to the main subject of the narrative) (friend of dogs)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śunaḥsakha

śunaḥsakha - friend of dogs

Compound type : tatpurusha (śun+sakhi)

• śun – dog, hound
  noun (masculine)
• sakhi – friend, companion, ally
  noun (masculine)

Note: Refers to the person being discussed.