महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-95, verse-56

अत्रिरुवाच ।
स गां स्पृशतु पादेन सूर्यं च प्रतिमेहतु ।
अनध्यायेष्वधीयीत बिसस्तैन्यं करोति यः ॥५६॥

56. atriruvāca ,
sa gāṁ spṛśatu pādena sūryaṁ ca pratimehatu ,
anadhyāyeṣvadhīyīta bisastainyaṁ karoti yaḥ.

56. atriḥ uvāca saḥ gām spṛśatu pādena sūryam ca
pratimehatu anadhyāyeṣu adhīyīta bisastainyam karoti yaḥ

56. atriḥ uvāca yaḥ bisastainyam karoti saḥ gām pādena
spṛśatu ca sūryam pratimehatu anadhyāyeṣu adhīyīta

56. Atri said: Whoever commits the theft of lotus stalks should touch a cow with his foot, urinate towards the sun, and study during periods forbidden for Vedic study.

Words meanings summery:

• अत्रिः (atriḥ) - Atri (name of a sage)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• सः (saḥ) - He who (referring to the thief) (he, that)

• गाम् (gām) - a cow (cow, earth, sense)

• स्पृशतु (spṛśatu) - may he touch

• पादेन (pādena) - with his foot (by foot, with a foot)

• सूर्यम् (sūryam) - the sun (the sun, the Sun god)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• प्रतिमेहतु (pratimehatu) - may he urinate towards

• अनध्यायेषु (anadhyāyeṣu) - during periods forbidden for Vedic study (during non-study periods, during forbidden times for study)

• अधीयीत (adhīyīta) - may he study (during forbidden times) (may he study)

• बिसस्तैन्यम् (bisastainyam) - the theft of lotus stalks (theft of lotus stalks)

• करोति (karoti) - commits (does, makes, performs)

• यः (yaḥ) - whoever (who, whoever)

Words meanings and morphology

अत्रिः (atriḥ) - Atri (name of a sage)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of atri

atri - name of an ancient sage; non-devourer

From a + √ad (to eat) with -tri suffix; 'not eating, not consuming', hence 'imperishable' or 'one who does not consume greedily'.

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect past (lit) of vac

Perfect Active, 3rd person singular

From √vac (to speak), perfect tense (lit), 3rd person singular.

Root: vac (class 2)

सः (saḥ) - He who (referring to the thief) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Used as the correlative pronoun for 'yaḥ'.

गाम् (gām) - a cow (cow, earth, sense)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of go

go - cow, bull, earth, ray of light, sense organ, sky, speech

स्पृशतु (spṛśatu) - may he touch

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of spṛś

Imperative Active, 3rd person singular

From √spṛś (to touch), imperative mood (loṭ), 3rd person singular.

Root: spṛś (class 6)

पादेन (pādena) - with his foot (by foot, with a foot)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of pāda

pāda - foot, leg, quarter, line of verse, root

सूर्यम् (sūryam) - the sun (the sun, the Sun god)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sūrya

sūrya - the sun, the sun god

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

प्रतिमेहतु (pratimehatu) - may he urinate towards

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of pratimeh

Imperative Active, 3rd person singular

From prati (towards, against) + √mih (to sprinkle, to urinate), imperative mood (loṭ), 3rd person singular.

Prefix: prati

Root: mih (class 1)

अनध्यायेषु (anadhyāyeṣu) - during periods forbidden for Vedic study (during non-study periods, during forbidden times for study)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, plural of anadhyāya

anadhyāya - period of cessation of study (especially of the Vedas), vacation, holiday

Negative compound (nañ-tatpuruṣa) of adhyāya ('study').

अधीयीत (adhīyīta) - may he study (during forbidden times) (may he study)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of adhī

Optative Active, 3rd person singular

From adhi (upon, over) + √i (to go), optative mood (liṅ), 3rd person singular. Atmanepada form.

Prefix: adhi

Root: i (class 2)

बिसस्तैन्यम् (bisastainyam) - the theft of lotus stalks (theft of lotus stalks)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of bisastainya

bisastainya - theft of lotus stalks

Tatpuruṣa compound: bisasya stainyam (theft of lotus stalk). bisastainya (n.)

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (bisa+stainya)

• bisa – lotus stalk, fibrous root of a lotus
  noun (neuter)
• stainya – theft, robbery
  noun (neuter)
  Derived from stena (thief) + yañ suffix.

करोति (karoti) - commits (does, makes, performs)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of kṛ

Present Active, 3rd person singular

From √kṛ (to do), present tense (laṭ), 3rd person singular.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

यः (yaḥ) - whoever (who, whoever)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

Note: Used in a relative clause.