महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-95, verse-5

अत्रिरुवाच ।
नैतस्येह यथास्माकं क्षुधा वीर्यं समाहतम् ।
कृच्छ्राधीतं प्रनष्टं च तेन पीवाञ्शुनःसखः ॥५॥

5. atriruvāca ,
naitasyeha yathāsmākaṁ kṣudhā vīryaṁ samāhatam ,
kṛcchrādhītaṁ pranaṣṭaṁ ca tena pīvāñśunaḥsakhaḥ.

5. Atriḥ uvāca | na etasya iha yathā asmākam kṣudhā vīryam
samāhatam | kṛcchrādhītam pranaṣṭam ca tena pīvān śunaḥsakhaḥ

5. Atriḥ uvāca na etasya iha kṣudhā vīryam samāhatam ca kṛcchrādhītam pranaṣṭam yathā asmākam asti tena śunaḥsakhaḥ pīvān.

5. Atri said: Unlike us, he here does not have his strength diminished by hunger, nor what was learned through great effort lost. Therefore, the companion of dogs (Śunaḥsakha) is stout.

Words meanings summery:

• अत्रिः (atriḥ) - Atri (a proper name)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• न (na) - not, no

• एतस्य (etasya) - of him, for him, of this

• इह (iha) - here, in this world, in this case

• यथा (yathā) - as, just as, according to

• अस्माकम् (asmākam) - of us, for us

• क्षुधा (kṣudhā) - by hunger, due to hunger

• वीर्यम् (vīryam) - strength or mental vigor (e.g., for learning) (strength, vigor, energy, heroism, potential, knowledge)

• समाहतम् (samāhatam) - struck down, weakened, destroyed, oppressed

• कृच्छ्राधीतम् (kṛcchrādhītam) - what was learned with difficulty, difficult learning

• प्रनष्टम् (pranaṣṭam) - lost, destroyed, ruined

• च (ca) - and, also, moreover

• तेन (tena) - Therefore, for that reason (by him, by that, therefore)

• पीवान् (pīvān) - stout, fat, plump

• शुनःसखः (śunaḥsakhaḥ) - Śunaḥsakha, a specific person mentioned in the narrative, or a derogatory term for someone associated with dogs (companion of dogs, dog-companion)

Words meanings and morphology

अत्रिः (atriḥ) - Atri (a proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of Atri

Atri - Name of a celebrated Vedic sage

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

perfect tense, 3rd person singular, active voice

From the root √vac (2nd class, Parasmaipada)

Root: vac (class 2)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

एतस्य (etasya) - of him, for him, of this

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine/neuter, singular of etad

etad - this, that (demonstrative pronoun)

Masculine/neuter genitive singular

इह (iha) - here, in this world, in this case

(indeclinable)

Adverb of place

यथा (yathā) - as, just as, according to

(indeclinable)

Correlative particle

अस्माकम् (asmākam) - of us, for us

(pronoun)

Genitive, plural of asmad

asmad - I, we (first person pronoun)

Genitive plural of 'asmad'

क्षुधा (kṣudhā) - by hunger, due to hunger

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of kṣudh

kṣudh - hunger, appetite, starvation

From the root √kṣudh (to be hungry)

Root: kṣudh (class 1)

वीर्यम् (vīryam) - strength or mental vigor (e.g., for learning) (strength, vigor, energy, heroism, potential, knowledge)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vīrya

vīrya - strength, power, energy, valor, virility, seed, efficacy, knowledge

From 'vīra' (hero)

समाहतम् (samāhatam) - struck down, weakened, destroyed, oppressed

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of samāhata

samāhata - struck down, hit, defeated, suppressed, ruined

Past Passive Participle

From 'sam' (together, completely) + 'ā' (towards) + √han (strike, kill) + 'kta' (PPP suffix)

Compound type : pradi-samāsa (sam+ā+hata)

• sam – together, completely, fully
  indeclinable
• ā – to, towards, fully
  indeclinable
• hata – struck, killed, destroyed
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From `√han` + `kta`
  Root: han (class 2)

कृच्छ्राधीतम् (kṛcchrādhītam) - what was learned with difficulty, difficult learning

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kṛcchrādhīta

kṛcchrādhīta - studied with difficulty, learned with hardship

Past Passive Participle (compound of noun and PPP)

Compound of 'kṛcchra' (difficulty) + 'adhīta' (learned). 'Adhīta' is from 'adhi' + √i (to go) + 'kta'

Compound type : karmadhāraya (kṛcchra+adhīta)

• kṛcchra – difficulty, hardship, distress
  noun (neuter)
• adhīta – learned, studied, read
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  `adhi` + `√i` (to go) + `kta`
  Prefix: adhi
  Root: i (class 2)

Note: Refers to knowledge or learned material.

प्रनष्टम् (pranaṣṭam) - lost, destroyed, ruined

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of pranaṣṭa

pranaṣṭa - lost, disappeared, destroyed, ruined

Past Passive Participle

From 'pra' (forth, away) + √naś (perish, be lost) + 'kta' (PPP suffix)

Compound type : pradi-samāsa (pra+naṣṭa)

• pra – forth, away, intensifier
  indeclinable
• naṣṭa – lost, perished
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  `√naś` + `kta`
  Root: naś (class 4)

च (ca) - and, also, moreover

(indeclinable)

Conjunction

तेन (tena) - Therefore, for that reason (by him, by that, therefore)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine/neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he/she/it (demonstrative pronoun)

Masculine/neuter instrumental singular

पीवान् (pīvān) - stout, fat, plump

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pīvan

pīvan - fat, stout, plump, strong

Nominative singular masculine form

शुनःसखः (śunaḥsakhaḥ) - Śunaḥsakha, a specific person mentioned in the narrative, or a derogatory term for someone associated with dogs (companion of dogs, dog-companion)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śunaḥsakha

śunaḥsakha - companion of dogs, dog-friend

Compound of 'śun' (dog) + 'sakha' (friend/companion)

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (śun+sakha)

• śun – dog
  noun (masculine)
• sakha – friend, companion
  noun (masculine)