महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-95, verse-24

भीष्म उवाच ।
विज्ञाय यातुधानीं तां कृत्यामृषिवधैषिणीम् ।
अत्रिः क्षुधापरीतात्मा ततो वचनमब्रवीत् ॥२४॥

24. bhīṣma uvāca ,
vijñāya yātudhānīṁ tāṁ kṛtyāmṛṣivadhaiṣiṇīm ,
atriḥ kṣudhāparītātmā tato vacanamabravīt.

24. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca | vijñāya yātudhānīm tām kṛtyām ṛṣivadhaiṣiṇīm
| atriḥ kṣudhāparītātmā tataḥ vacanam abravīt

24. Bhishma said: Having recognized that female demon, a magical creation desiring to kill the sage, Atri, whose inner self (ātman) was afflicted by hunger, then spoke these words.

Words meanings summery:

• भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - Bhishma, the speaker in the frame narrative (Bhishma)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• विज्ञाय (vijñāya) - having known, having understood, having recognized

• यातुधानीम् (yātudhānīm) - that specific female demon who was a magical creation (female demon, rākṣasī)

• ताम् (tām) - that specific female demon (that, her)

• कृत्याम् (kṛtyām) - the female demon who was a magical creation (a magical creation, a magical being, a destructive charm)

• ऋषिवधैषिणीम् (ṛṣivadhaiṣiṇīm) - the female demon who was intent on killing the sage Atri (desiring to kill sages, intent on harming sages)

• अत्रिः (atriḥ) - The sage Atri, a character in this narrative (Atri (name of a Vedic sage))

• क्षुधापरीतात्मा (kṣudhāparītātmā) - Atri, whose being (ātman) was deeply affected by hunger (one whose self (ātman) is afflicted by hunger)

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon, from there

• वचनम् (vacanam) - word, speech, statement

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - spoke, said

Words meanings and morphology

भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - Bhishma, the speaker in the frame narrative (Bhishma)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - Bhishma (name of a prominent character in the Mahabharata, son of Shantanu)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect Active

Root 'vac' (2nd class) forms its perfect active 3rd singular as 'uvāca'.

Root: vac (class 2)

विज्ञाय (vijñāya) - having known, having understood, having recognized

(indeclinable)

Gerund (absolutive)

Formed from prefix 'vi' + root 'jñā' with the suffix '-ya' for gerunds following prefixes.

Prefix: vi

Root: jñā (class 9)

यातुधानीम् (yātudhānīm) - that specific female demon who was a magical creation (female demon, rākṣasī)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of yātudhānī

yātudhānī - a female demon, a rākṣasī

ताम् (tām) - that specific female demon (that, her)

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, she, he, it

कृत्याम् (kṛtyām) - the female demon who was a magical creation (a magical creation, a magical being, a destructive charm)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of kṛtyā

kṛtyā - a magical creation (often for destruction), a magical being, a charm

Derived from root 'kṛ' (to do, make) with suffix '-tyā'.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

ऋषिवधैषिणीम् (ṛṣivadhaiṣiṇīm) - the female demon who was intent on killing the sage Atri (desiring to kill sages, intent on harming sages)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of ṛṣivadhaiṣiṇī

ṛṣivadhaiṣiṇī - one desiring to kill a sage, intent on killing sages

Compound adjective formed from 'ṛṣi-vadha' (killing of sages) and 'eṣiṇī' (desiring).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ṛṣi+vadha+eṣiṇī)

• ṛṣi – a sage, an inspired poet, a Vedic seer
  noun (masculine)
• vadha – killing, slaughter, slaying
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root 'han' (to strike, kill) with 'ghañ' suffix.
  Root: han (class 2)
• eṣiṇī – desiring, wishing, seeking (feminine form)
  adjective (feminine)
  Agent noun / Adjective
  Derived from root 'iṣ' (to desire) with suffix '-in' and feminine '-ī'.
  Root: iṣ (class 4)

अत्रिः (atriḥ) - The sage Atri, a character in this narrative (Atri (name of a Vedic sage))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of atri

atri - Atri (name of a celebrated Vedic sage, one of the Saptarishis)

क्षुधापरीतात्मा (kṣudhāparītātmā) - Atri, whose being (ātman) was deeply affected by hunger (one whose self (ātman) is afflicted by hunger)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṣudhāparītātman

kṣudhāparītātman - one whose self is afflicted by hunger, hunger-stricken

Bahuvrīhi compound: 'kṣudhā' (hunger, instrumental) + 'parīta' (afflicted) + 'ātman' (self).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (kṣudhā+parīta+ātman)

• kṣudhā – hunger, appetite
  noun (feminine)
• parīta – afflicted, surrounded, encompassed, overcome
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  PPP of 'pari' + root 'i' (to go).
  Prefix: pari
  Root: i (class 2)
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essence, innermost being
  noun (masculine)

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon, from there

(indeclinable)

Derived from 'tad' (that) with the suffix '-tas'.

वचनम् (vacanam) - word, speech, statement

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vacana

vacana - a word, speech, saying, statement

Derived from root 'vac' (to speak) with suffix '-ana'.

Root: vac (class 2)

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - spoke, said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of brū

Imperfect Active

Root 'brū' (2nd class) forms its imperfect active 3rd singular as 'abravīt'. Augment 'a' for past tense.

Root: brū (class 2)