महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-95, verse-4

वसिष्ठ उवाच ।
नैतस्येह यथास्माकमग्निहोत्रमनिर्हुतम् ।
सायं प्रातश्च होतव्यं तेन पीवाञ्शुनःसखः ॥४॥

4. vasiṣṭha uvāca ,
naitasyeha yathāsmākamagnihotramanirhutam ,
sāyaṁ prātaśca hotavyaṁ tena pīvāñśunaḥsakhaḥ.

4. Vasiṣṭhaḥ uvāca | na etasya iha yathā asmākam agnihotram
anirhutam | sāyam prātaḥ ca hotavyam tena pīvān śunaḥsakhaḥ

4. Vasiṣṭhaḥ uvāca na etasya iha agnihotram anirhutam yathā asmākam sāyam ca prātaḥ hotavyam asti tena śunaḥsakhaḥ pīvān.

4. Vasiṣṭha said: Unlike us, he here does not have the Agnihotra (Vedic fire ritual) unperformed, which ought to be offered evening and morning. Therefore, the companion of dogs (Śunaḥsakha) is stout.

Words meanings summery:

• वसिष्ठः (vasiṣṭhaḥ) - Vasiṣṭha (a proper name)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• न (na) - not, no

• एतस्य (etasya) - of him, for him, of this

• इह (iha) - here, in this world, in this case

• यथा (yathā) - as, just as, according to

• अस्माकम् (asmākam) - of us, for us

• अग्निहोत्रम् (agnihotram) - the daily Vedic fire ritual that householders must perform (the Agnihotra, the Vedic fire ritual)

• अनिर्हुतम् (anirhutam) - unoffered, unperformed, neglected

• सायम् (sāyam) - in the evening, at dusk

• प्रातः (prātaḥ) - in the morning, at dawn

• च (ca) - and, also, moreover

• होतव्यम् (hotavyam) - to be offered, ought to be offered/performed

• तेन (tena) - Therefore, for that reason (by him, by that, therefore)

• पीवान् (pīvān) - stout, fat, plump

• शुनःसखः (śunaḥsakhaḥ) - Śunaḥsakha, a specific person mentioned in the narrative, or a derogatory term for someone associated with dogs (companion of dogs, dog-companion)

Words meanings and morphology

वसिष्ठः (vasiṣṭhaḥ) - Vasiṣṭha (a proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of Vasiṣṭha

Vasiṣṭha - Name of a celebrated Vedic sage; best, most excellent

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

perfect tense, 3rd person singular, active voice

From the root √vac (2nd class, Parasmaipada)

Root: vac (class 2)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

एतस्य (etasya) - of him, for him, of this

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine/neuter, singular of etad

etad - this, that (demonstrative pronoun)

Masculine/neuter genitive singular

इह (iha) - here, in this world, in this case

(indeclinable)

Adverb of place

यथा (yathā) - as, just as, according to

(indeclinable)

Correlative particle

अस्माकम् (asmākam) - of us, for us

(pronoun)

Genitive, plural of asmad

asmad - I, we (first person pronoun)

Genitive plural of 'asmad'

अग्निहोत्रम् (agnihotram) - the daily Vedic fire ritual that householders must perform (the Agnihotra, the Vedic fire ritual)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of agnihotra

agnihotra - Agnihotra, a specific daily Vedic fire ritual performed by householders

Compound of 'agni' (fire) and 'hotra' (offering)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (agni+hotra)

• agni – fire
  noun (masculine)
• hotra – offering, oblation, ritual of offering
  noun (neuter)
  From √hu (to offer)
  Root: hu (class 3)

Note: Could also be accusative singular. Here, likely nominative as the subject of the implied 'is' or 'remains'.

अनिर्हुतम् (anirhutam) - unoffered, unperformed, neglected

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of anirhuta

anirhuta - unoffered, unperformed, neglected

Past Passive Participle

Compound of 'na' (not) + 'nirhuta' (offered). Nirhuta is from 'ni' (down, completely) + √hu (to offer) + 'kta' (PPP suffix)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (na+nirhuta)

• na – not, un-
  indeclinable
• nirhuta – offered, performed
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  `ni` + `√hu` + `kta`
  Prefix: ni
  Root: hu (class 3)

Note: Agrees with 'agnihotram'

सायम् (sāyam) - in the evening, at dusk

(indeclinable)

Adverb of time

प्रातः (prātaḥ) - in the morning, at dawn

(indeclinable)

Adverb of time

च (ca) - and, also, moreover

(indeclinable)

Conjunction

होतव्यम् (hotavyam) - to be offered, ought to be offered/performed

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of hotavya

hotavya - to be offered, fit to be offered, ought to be performed

Gerundive (Kṛtya)

From √hu (to offer) + the suffix -tavya

Root: hu (class 3)

Note: Agrees with 'agnihotram'; expresses obligation or fitness.

तेन (tena) - Therefore, for that reason (by him, by that, therefore)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine/neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he/she/it (demonstrative pronoun)

Masculine/neuter instrumental singular

पीवान् (pīvān) - stout, fat, plump

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pīvan

pīvan - fat, stout, plump, strong

Nominative singular masculine form

शुनःसखः (śunaḥsakhaḥ) - Śunaḥsakha, a specific person mentioned in the narrative, or a derogatory term for someone associated with dogs (companion of dogs, dog-companion)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śunaḥsakha

śunaḥsakha - companion of dogs, dog-friend

Compound of 'śun' (dog) + 'sakha' (friend/companion)

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (śun+sakha)

• śun – dog
  noun (masculine)
• sakha – friend, companion
  noun (masculine)

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