मार्कण्डेय-पुराणम्
mārkaṇḍeya-purāṇam
-
chapter-16, verse-40
अधो हि वर्षाम वयं मर्त्याश्चोर्ध्वप्रवर्षिणः ।
तोयवर्षेण हि वयं हविर्वर्षेण मानवाः ॥४०॥
तोयवर्षेण हि वयं हविर्वर्षेण मानवाः ॥४०॥
40. adho hi varṣāma vayaṃ martyāścordhvapravarṣiṇaḥ .
toyavarṣeṇa hi vayaṃ havirvarṣeṇa mānavāḥ.
toyavarṣeṇa hi vayaṃ havirvarṣeṇa mānavāḥ.
40.
adhaḥ hi varṣāma vayam martyāḥ ca ūrdhvapravarṣiṇaḥ
toyavarṣeṇa hi vayam havirvarṣeṇa mānavāḥ
toyavarṣeṇa hi vayam havirvarṣeṇa mānavāḥ
40.
Indeed, we [deities] shower [rain and blessings] downwards, while mortals [offer] upwards. We [shower] through rain (water), and humans [offer] through oblations.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- अधः (adhaḥ) - downwards, below
- हि (hi) - indeed, surely, because
- वर्षाम (varṣāma) - we shower, we rain
- वयम् (vayam) - we (the deities) (we)
- मर्त्याः (martyāḥ) - mortals, human beings
- च (ca) - and
- ऊर्ध्वप्रवर्षिणः (ūrdhvapravarṣiṇaḥ) - mortals who offer oblations upwards (those who shower/offer upwards)
- तोयवर्षेण (toyavarṣeṇa) - by a shower of water, by rain
- हि (hi) - indeed, surely, because
- वयम् (vayam) - we (the deities) (we)
- हविर्वर्षेण (havirvarṣeṇa) - by a shower of oblations, by offering oblations
- मानवाः (mānavāḥ) - humans, descendants of Manu
Words meanings and morphology
अधः (adhaḥ) - downwards, below
(indeclinable)
हि (hi) - indeed, surely, because
(indeclinable)
वर्षाम (varṣāma) - we shower, we rain
(verb)
1st person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of vṛṣ
Present Active Indicative
From root `vṛṣ`. 1st person plural.
Root: vṛṣ (class 1)
Note: Verb for 'vayam'.
वयम् (vayam) - we (the deities) (we)
(pronoun)
Nominative, plural of asmad
asmad - I, we
Nominative plural form.
मर्त्याः (martyāḥ) - mortals, human beings
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of martya
martya - mortal, human, subject to death
From `mṛ` (to die) + `tya` suffix.
Root: mṛ (class 6)
Note: Subject of the implied verb 'offer'.
च (ca) - and
(indeclinable)
Conjunction.
Note: Connects the two clauses.
ऊर्ध्वप्रवर्षिणः (ūrdhvapravarṣiṇaḥ) - mortals who offer oblations upwards (those who shower/offer upwards)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, plural of ūrdhvapravarṣin
ūrdhvapravarṣin - showering upwards, offering upwards
Agent Noun
Compound, agent noun from `pra` (prefix) + `vṛṣ` (to rain/shower) + `ṇin` (agent suffix).
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ūrdhva+pravarṣin)
- ūrdhva – upwards, high, above
adjective (masculine/neuter) - pravarṣin – showering, raining, offering
adjective (masculine)
Agent Noun
From `pra` (prefix) + `vṛṣ` (to rain/shower) + `ṇin` (agent suffix).
Prefix: pra
Root: vṛṣ (class 1)
तोयवर्षेण (toyavarṣeṇa) - by a shower of water, by rain
(noun)
Instrumental, masculine, singular of toyavarṣa
toyavarṣa - shower of water, rain
Compound.
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (toya+varṣa)
- toya – water
noun (neuter) - varṣa – rain, showering
noun (masculine/neuter)
From `vṛṣ` 'to rain'.
Root: vṛṣ (class 1)
हि (hi) - indeed, surely, because
(indeclinable)
वयम् (vayam) - we (the deities) (we)
(pronoun)
Nominative, plural of asmad
asmad - I, we
Nominative plural form.
हविर्वर्षेण (havirvarṣeṇa) - by a shower of oblations, by offering oblations
(noun)
Instrumental, masculine, singular of havirvarṣa
havirvarṣa - showering oblations, offering of oblations
Compound.
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (havis+varṣa)
- havis – oblation, offering
noun (neuter) - varṣa – rain, showering
noun (masculine/neuter)
From `vṛṣ` 'to rain'.
Root: vṛṣ (class 1)
मानवाः (mānavāḥ) - humans, descendants of Manu
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of mānava
mānava - human, descendant of Manu, pertaining to Manu
From `manu` + `aṇ` suffix.
Note: Subject for the second part of the verse (implied verb 'offer').