मार्कण्डेय-पुराणम्
mārkaṇḍeya-purāṇam
-
chapter-16, verse-35
विना चायनविज्ञानात् कालः संवत्सरः कुतः ।
संवत्सरं विना नान्यत् कालज्ञानं प्रवर्तते ॥३५॥
संवत्सरं विना नान्यत् कालज्ञानं प्रवर्तते ॥३५॥
35. vinā cāyanavijñānāt kālaḥ saṃvatsaraḥ kutaḥ .
saṃvatsaraṃ vinā nānyat kālajñānaṃ pravartate.
saṃvatsaraṃ vinā nānyat kālajñānaṃ pravartate.
35.
vinā ca ayanavijñānāt kālaḥ saṃvatsaraḥ kutaḥ
saṃvatsaram vinā na anyat kālajñānam pravartate
saṃvatsaram vinā na anyat kālajñānam pravartate
35.
Without understanding the sun's solstitial and equinoctial movements (ayana), how can a year (saṃvatsara) as a unit of time be determined? Indeed, without the concept of a year (saṃvatsara), no other knowledge of time can properly operate.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- विना (vinā) - without, except for
- च (ca) - and, also, moreover
- अयनविज्ञानात् (ayanavijñānāt) - from understanding the sun's solstitial and equinoctial movements (from the knowledge of ayana, from the science of ayana)
- कालः (kālaḥ) - a unit of time (time, period)
- संवत्सरः (saṁvatsaraḥ) - year, annual period
- कुतः (kutaḥ) - how can there be? (whence, from where, why)
- संवत्सरम् (saṁvatsaram) - year
- विना (vinā) - without, except for
- न (na) - not, no
- अन्यत् (anyat) - other, another, different
- कालज्ञानम् (kālajñānam) - temporal understanding (knowledge of time, chronology)
- प्रवर्तते (pravartate) - can properly operate/function (proceeds, functions, begins, acts)
Words meanings and morphology
विना (vinā) - without, except for
(indeclinable)
Note: Takes instrumental, accusative, or ablative case. Here with ablative 'ayanavijñānāt'.
च (ca) - and, also, moreover
(indeclinable)
अयनविज्ञानात् (ayanavijñānāt) - from understanding the sun's solstitial and equinoctial movements (from the knowledge of ayana, from the science of ayana)
(noun)
Ablative, neuter, singular of ayanavijñāna
ayanavijñāna - knowledge of ayana, science of solstices/equinoxes
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ayana+vijñāna)
- ayana – motion, course, path, solsticial or equinoctial movement of the sun
noun (neuter)
From root 'i' (to go) + LyuT suffix
Root: i (class 2) - vijñāna – knowledge, understanding, science, discernment
noun (neuter)
From root 'jñā' (to know) with prefix 'vi' and LyuT suffix
Prefix: vi
Root: jñā (class 9)
कालः (kālaḥ) - a unit of time (time, period)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of kāla
kāla - time, period, proper time, death
संवत्सरः (saṁvatsaraḥ) - year, annual period
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃvatsara
saṁvatsara - year, a particular type of year
Prefix: sam
Root: vas (class 1)
कुतः (kutaḥ) - how can there be? (whence, from where, why)
(indeclinable)
Suffix -tas added to kiṃ (what)
संवत्सरम् (saṁvatsaram) - year
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, singular of saṃvatsara
saṁvatsara - year, a particular type of year
Prefix: sam
Root: vas (class 1)
Note: Object of 'vinā'.
विना (vinā) - without, except for
(indeclinable)
Note: Takes instrumental, accusative, or ablative case. Here with accusative 'saṃvatsaram'.
न (na) - not, no
(indeclinable)
अन्यत् (anyat) - other, another, different
(pronoun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of anya
anya - other, another, different
Note: Agrees with kālajñānam.
कालज्ञानम् (kālajñānam) - temporal understanding (knowledge of time, chronology)
(noun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of kālajñāna
kālajñāna - knowledge of time, chronology, time-reckoning
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kāla+jñāna)
- kāla – time, period
noun (masculine) - jñāna – knowledge, understanding, wisdom
noun (neuter)
From root 'jñā' (to know) + LyuT suffix
Root: jñā (class 9)
Note: Subject of pravartate.
प्रवर्तते (pravartate) - can properly operate/function (proceeds, functions, begins, acts)
(verb)
3rd person , singular, middle, present indicative (laṭ) of pravartate
Present Indicative, 3rd Person Singular, Middle Voice
From root 'vṛt' (to be, to exist, to turn) with prefix 'pra'
Prefix: pra
Root: vṛt (class 1)