महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-34, verse-38

जनमेजय उवाच ।
किमर्थं भगवान्सोमो यक्ष्मणा समगृह्यत ।
कथं च तीर्थप्रवरे तस्मिंश्चन्द्रो न्यमज्जत ॥३८॥

38. janamejaya uvāca ,
kimarthaṁ bhagavānsomo yakṣmaṇā samagṛhyata ,
kathaṁ ca tīrthapravare tasmiṁścandro nyamajjata.

38. janamejaya uvāca kimartham bhagavān somaḥ yakṣmaṇā
samagṛhyata katham ca tīrthapravare tasmin candraḥ nyamajjata

38. janamejaya uvāca kimartham bhagavān somaḥ yakṣmaṇā
samagṛhyata ca katham candraḥ tīrthapravare tasmin nyamajjata

38. Janamejaya asked, 'For what reason was the revered Soma afflicted by consumption (yakṣman)? And how did the Moon immerse itself in that foremost holy place?'

Words meanings summery:

• जनमेजय (janamejaya) - Janamejaya (a king)

• उवाच (uvāca) - spoke, said

• किमर्थम् (kimartham) - why, for what purpose

• भगवान् (bhagavān) - revered, divine, venerable

• सोमः (somaḥ) - Soma (the Moon god), the moon

• यक्ष्मणा (yakṣmaṇā) - by consumption (yakṣman) (by consumption, by a wasting disease)

• समगृह्यत (samagṛhyata) - was seized, was afflicted, was grasped

• कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner

• च (ca) - and, also

• तीर्थप्रवरे (tīrthapravare) - in the foremost holy place

• तस्मिन् (tasmin) - in that, there

• चन्द्रः (candraḥ) - the Moon

• न्यमज्जत (nyamajjata) - immersed, plunged, sank

Words meanings and morphology

जनमेजय (janamejaya) - Janamejaya (a king)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of janamejaya

janamejaya - Janamejaya (proper name of a king, the recipient of the Mahabharata narration)

उवाच (uvāca) - spoke, said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect tense (liṭ)

Reduplicated perfect form of the root 'vac'.

Root: vac (class 2)

किमर्थम् (kimartham) - why, for what purpose

(indeclinable)

Adverbial form of 'kimartha' (what purpose).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kim+artha)

• kim – what, which, who
  pronoun (neuter)
  Interrogative pronoun.
• artha – purpose, meaning, object, wealth
  noun (masculine)

भगवान् (bhagavān) - revered, divine, venerable

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhagavat

bhagavat - venerable, divine, glorious, fortunate, possessing auspicious qualities

Adjective derived from 'bhaga' (fortune) with possessive suffix '-vat'.

Root: bhaj (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'somaḥ'.

सोमः (somaḥ) - Soma (the Moon god), the moon

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of soma

soma - Soma (the Moon god), the moon, juice of the Soma plant, a sacred drink

Root: su (class 5)

Note: Subject of 'samagṛhyata'.

यक्ष्मणा (yakṣmaṇā) - by consumption (yakṣman) (by consumption, by a wasting disease)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of yakṣman

yakṣman - consumption, tuberculosis, wasting disease, sickness

Noun derived from the root 'yakṣ' (to be diseased).

Root: yakṣ (class 1)

Note: Indicates the agent of affliction.

समगृह्यत (samagṛhyata) - was seized, was afflicted, was grasped

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, past imperfect (laṅ) of grah

Imperfect tense (laṅ), Passive voice

Root 'grah' with prefix 'sam-'. Augment 'a-' for imperfect. Passive voice formed with '-ya'.

Prefix: sam

Root: grah (class 9)

Note: Verb agrees with the masculine singular subject 'somaḥ'.

कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner

(indeclinable)

Interrogative adverb.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

तीर्थप्रवरे (tīrthapravare) - in the foremost holy place

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of tīrthapravara

tīrthapravara - foremost of holy places, excellent holy place, chief pilgrimage site

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (tīrtha+pravara)

• tīrtha – holy place, sacred ford, pilgrimage site, spiritual teacher
  noun (neuter)
• pravara – excellent, chief, best, pre-eminent
  adjective (masculine)
  Prefix: pra
  Root: vṛ (class 5)

Note: Refers to the place where the moon immersed itself.

तस्मिन् (tasmin) - in that, there

(pronoun)

Locative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, this, it, he, she

Demonstrative pronoun.

चन्द्रः (candraḥ) - the Moon

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of candra

candra - moon, bright, shining, illustrious; the Moon god

Root: cand (class 1)

Note: Subject of 'nyamajjata'.

न्यमज्जत (nyamajjata) - immersed, plunged, sank

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of majj

Imperfect tense (laṅ), Active voice

Root 'majj' with prefix 'ni-'. Augment 'a-' for imperfect.

Prefix: ni

Root: majj (class 6)

Note: Verb agrees with the masculine singular subject 'candraḥ'.