महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-34, verse-4

आख्याहि मे विस्तरतः कथं राम उपस्थितः ।
कथं च दृष्टवान्युद्धं कुशलो ह्यसि सत्तम ॥४॥

4. ākhyāhi me vistarataḥ kathaṁ rāma upasthitaḥ ,
kathaṁ ca dṛṣṭavānyuddhaṁ kuśalo hyasi sattama.

4. ākhyāhi me vistaratas katham rāmaḥ upasthitaḥ
katham ca dṛṣṭavān yuddham kuśalaḥ hi asi sattama

4. me vistaratas ākhyāhi katham rāmaḥ upasthitaḥ ca
katham yuddham dṛṣṭavān hi sattama asi kuśalaḥ

4. Describe to me in detail how Rāma arrived and how he witnessed the war. Indeed, you are most skillful, O best among men!

Words meanings summery:

• आख्याहि (ākhyāhi) - tell, describe

• मे (me) - to me, for me

• विस्तरतस् (vistaratas) - in detail, extensively

• कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner

• रामः (rāmaḥ) - Balarāma, Krishna's elder brother (Rāma)

• उपस्थितः (upasthitaḥ) - arrived, present, having approached

• कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner

• च (ca) - and

• दृष्टवान् (dṛṣṭavān) - he saw, having seen

• युद्धम् (yuddham) - the war, battle

• कुशलः (kuśalaḥ) - skillful, expert, well-being

• हि (hi) - indeed, for, because

• असि (asi) - you are

• सत्तम (sattama) - O best among men! (address to Vaiśaṃpāyana) (O best one! O excellent one!)

Words meanings and morphology

आख्याहि (ākhyāhi) - tell, describe

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of khyā

imperative active second singular of root khyā with prefix ā

Prefix: ā

Root: khyā (class 2)

मे (me) - to me, for me

(pronoun)

singular of asmad

asmad - I, me

Note: Enclitic form for dative or genitive singular of 'asmad'.

विस्तरतस् (vistaratas) - in detail, extensively

(indeclinable)

Derived from root stṛ (to spread) with prefix vi

Prefix: vi

Root: stṛ (class 5)

Note: Used adverbially with suffix -tas.

कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner

(indeclinable)

रामः (rāmaḥ) - Balarāma, Krishna's elder brother (Rāma)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rāma

rāma - Balarāma, the elder brother of Kṛṣṇa

Note: Refers to Balarāma here.

उपस्थितः (upasthitaḥ) - arrived, present, having approached

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of upasthita

upasthita - present, near, at hand, having arrived

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root sthā (to stand) with prefix upa

Prefix: upa

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Acts as a predicate adjective, implying 'how Rāma came to be present'.

कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

दृष्टवान् (dṛṣṭavān) - he saw, having seen

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dṛṣṭavat

dṛṣṭavat - having seen, one who has seen

Past Active Participle

Derived from root dṛś (to see) with suffix -tavat

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Functions as the main verb here, meaning 'he saw'.

युद्धम् (yuddham) - the war, battle

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of yuddha

yuddha - war, battle, fight

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root yudh (to fight)

Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: Object of 'dṛṣṭavān'.

कुशलः (kuśalaḥ) - skillful, expert, well-being

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kuśala

kuśala - skillful, clever, expert, well, healthy, good fortune

Note: Refers to the addressee (Vaiśaṃpāyana).

हि (hi) - indeed, for, because

(indeclinable)

असि (asi) - you are

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of as

present active second singular of root as

Root: as (class 2)

सत्तम (sattama) - O best among men! (address to Vaiśaṃpāyana) (O best one! O excellent one!)

(adjective)

Vocative, masculine, singular of sattama

sattama - best, most excellent, pre-eminent

Superlative form of sat (good, existing)

Note: Address to Vaiśaṃpāyana, referring to him as the best among sages/men.