महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-34, verse-51

तासां तद्वचनं श्रुत्वा दक्षः सोममथाब्रवीत् ।
समं वर्तस्व भार्यासु मा त्वां शप्स्ये विरोचन ॥५१॥

51. tāsāṁ tadvacanaṁ śrutvā dakṣaḥ somamathābravīt ,
samaṁ vartasva bhāryāsu mā tvāṁ śapsye virocana.

51. tāsām tat vacanam śrutvā dakṣaḥ somam atha abravīt
samam vartasva bhāryāsu mā tvām śapsye virocana

51. tāsām tat vacanam śrutvā dakṣaḥ atha somam abravīt
virocana bhāryāsu samam vartasva mā tvām śapsye

51. Having heard their words, Daksha then spoke to Soma: 'Behave equally towards your wives, lest I curse you, O Virocana!'

Words meanings summery:

• तासाम् (tāsām) - of Daksha's daughters (of them, their)

• तत् (tat) - that

• वचनम् (vacanam) - word, speech, command

• श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

• दक्षः (dakṣaḥ) - Daksha (proper noun)

• सोमम् (somam) - to Soma (accusative)

• अथ (atha) - then, now, thereupon

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he spoke, he said

• समम् (samam) - equally, impartially

• वर्तस्व (vartasva) - behave, act, exist

• भार्यासु (bhāryāsu) - among wives, with wives

• मा (mā) - do not

• त्वाम् (tvām) - you (accusative)

• शप्स्ये (śapsye) - I will curse

• विरोचन (virocana) - Addressing Soma as Virocana (O Virocana (an epithet of Soma))

Words meanings and morphology

तासाम् (tāsām) - of Daksha's daughters (of them, their)

(pronoun)

Genitive, feminine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Daksha's daughters.

तत् (tat) - that

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Qualifies 'vacanam'.

वचनम् (vacanam) - word, speech, command

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vacana

vacana - word, speech, saying, command

Verbal noun

Derived from root vac (to speak)

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Object of 'śrutvā'.

श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Absolutive of root śru (to hear)

Root: śru (class 5)

Note: Describes Daksha's action prior to speaking.

दक्षः (dakṣaḥ) - Daksha (proper noun)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dakṣa

dakṣa - Daksha (name of a Prajapati/creator deity), skillful, able

Note: Subject of the sentence.

सोमम् (somam) - to Soma (accusative)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of soma

soma - Soma (the Moon god), lunar deity, moon

Note: Object of 'abravīt'.

अथ (atha) - then, now, thereupon

(indeclinable)

Note: Indicates sequence of events.

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he spoke, he said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of brū

Imperfect Active

3rd person singular imperfect active of root brū

Root: brū (class 2)

Note: Main verb of the sentence.

समम् (samam) - equally, impartially

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sama

sama - equal, same, even, impartial

Note: Adverbial usage, describing how to behave.

वर्तस्व (vartasva) - behave, act, exist

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, imperative (loṭ) of vṛt

Imperative Middle

2nd person singular imperative middle of root vṛt

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Command directed at Soma.

भार्यासु (bhāryāsu) - among wives, with wives

(noun)

Locative, feminine, plural of bhāryā

bhāryā - wife, woman to be supported

Gerundive/Future Passive Participle

Derived from root bhṛ (to bear, support)

Root: bhṛ (class 3)

Note: Indicates the group towards whom action is directed.

मा (mā) - do not

(indeclinable)

Note: Prohibitive particle.

त्वाम् (tvām) - you (accusative)

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Note: Object of 'śapsye'.

शप्स्ये (śapsye) - I will curse

(verb)

1st person , singular, middle, future (lṛṭ) of śap

Future Middle

1st person singular future middle of root śap

Root: śap (class 1)

Note: Daksha is the speaker.

विरोचन (virocana) - Addressing Soma as Virocana (O Virocana (an epithet of Soma))

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of virocana

virocana - Virocana (name of a daitya, also epithet of Soma/Sun), shining brightly

Derived from root ruc (to shine) with upasarga vi-

Prefix: vi

Root: ruc (class 1)

Note: Addressing Soma.