महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-309, verse-91

धनेन किं यन्न ददाति नाश्नुते बलेन किं येन रिपून्न बाधते ।
श्रुतेन किं येन न धर्ममाचरेत्किमात्मना यो न जितेन्द्रियो वशी ॥९१॥

91. dhanena kiṁ yanna dadāti nāśnute; balena kiṁ yena ripūnna bādhate ,
śrutena kiṁ yena na dharmamācare;tkimātmanā yo na jitendriyo vaśī.

91. dhanena kim yat na dadāti na aśnute
balena kim yena ripūn na bādhate
śrutena kim yena na dharmam ācaret
kim ātmanā yaḥ na jitendriyaḥ vaśī

91. yat na dadāti na aśnute (tat) dhanena kim?
yena ripūn na bādhate (tat) balena kim?
yena dharmam na ācaret (tat) śrutena kim?
yaḥ na jitendriyaḥ vaśī (saḥ) ātmanā kim?

91. What is the use of wealth by which one neither gives nor enjoys? What is the use of strength by which one does not overcome enemies? What is the use of learning by which one does not practice natural law (dharma)? What is the use of the self (ātman) if one has not conquered the senses and is not self-controlled?

Words meanings summery:

• धनेन (dhanena) - by wealth, with wealth

• किम् (kim) - what?, of what use?

• यत् (yat) - which (that), by which

• न (na) - not

• ददाति (dadāti) - gives, he gives

• न (na) - not

• अश्नुते (aśnute) - enjoys, obtains

• बलेन (balena) - by strength, with power

• किम् (kim) - what?, of what use?

• येन (yena) - by which, with which

• रिपून् (ripūn) - enemies

• न (na) - not

• बाधते (bādhate) - afflicts, torments, hinders, overcomes

• श्रुतेन (śrutena) - by learning, by sacred knowledge

• किम् (kim) - what?, of what use?

• येन (yena) - by which, with which

• न (na) - not

• धर्मम् (dharmam) - natural law, constitution, duty

• आचरेत् (ācaret) - one should practice/perform

• किम् (kim) - what?, of what use?

• आत्मना (ātmanā) - by the self, with the self

• यः (yaḥ) - who, which

• न (na) - not

• जितेन्द्रियः (jitendriyaḥ) - one who has conquered the senses, having controlled senses

• वशी (vaśī) - self-controlled, master, in control

Words meanings and morphology

धनेन (dhanena) - by wealth, with wealth

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of dhana

dhana - wealth, riches, property, money

किम् (kim) - what?, of what use?

(indeclinable)

Used here as an interrogative particle meaning 'of what use?' when paired with an instrumental noun.

यत् (yat) - which (that), by which

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yat

yat - which, who, what, that (relative pronoun)

Note: Refers to the noun 'dhana' (wealth).

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

ददाति (dadāti) - gives, he gives

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present indicative (laṭ) of dā

Root: dā (class 3)

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

अश्नुते (aśnute) - enjoys, obtains

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present indicative (laṭ) of aś

Root: aś (class 5)

बलेन (balena) - by strength, with power

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of bala

bala - strength, power, force

किम् (kim) - what?, of what use?

(indeclinable)

Used here as an interrogative particle meaning 'of what use?' when paired with an instrumental noun.

येन (yena) - by which, with which

(pronoun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of yat

yat - which, who, what, that (relative pronoun)

Note: Refers to the noun 'bala' (strength).

रिपून् (ripūn) - enemies

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of ripu

ripu - enemy, foe

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

बाधते (bādhate) - afflicts, torments, hinders, overcomes

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present indicative (laṭ) of bādh

Root: bādh (class 1)

श्रुतेन (śrutena) - by learning, by sacred knowledge

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of śruta

śruta - heard, listened, learned, sacred knowledge, learning

Past Passive Participle

Derived from the root śru (to hear), used here as a noun meaning 'that which has been heard' or 'learning'.

Root: śru (class 5)

किम् (kim) - what?, of what use?

(indeclinable)

Used here as an interrogative particle meaning 'of what use?' when paired with an instrumental noun.

येन (yena) - by which, with which

(pronoun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of yat

yat - which, who, what, that (relative pronoun)

Note: Refers to the noun 'śruta' (learning).

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

धर्मम् (dharmam) - natural law, constitution, duty

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness, virtue, custom

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

आचरेत् (ācaret) - one should practice/perform

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of ā-car

Prefix: ā

Root: car (class 1)

किम् (kim) - what?, of what use?

(indeclinable)

Used here as an interrogative particle meaning 'of what use?' when paired with an instrumental noun.

आत्मना (ātmanā) - by the self, with the self

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of ātman

ātman - self, soul, spirit, essence, living principle

Root: an (class 2)

यः (yaḥ) - who, which

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yat

yat - which, who, what, that (relative pronoun)

Note: Refers to 'ātman' (self), personified here.

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

जितेन्द्रियः (jitendriyaḥ) - one who has conquered the senses, having controlled senses

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jitendriya

jitendriya - having conquered the senses, self-controlled

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (jita+indriya)

• jita – conquered, subdued, won
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from the root ji (to conquer).
  Root: ji (class 1)
• indriya – sense organ, faculty
  noun (neuter)

वशी (vaśī) - self-controlled, master, in control

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaśin

vaśin - self-controlled, master, subject to one's will, powerful