महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-309, verse-82

तपोवनेषु ये जातास्तत्रैव निधनं गताः ।
तेषामल्पतरो धर्मः कामभोगमजानताम् ॥८२॥

82. tapovaneṣu ye jātāstatraiva nidhanaṁ gatāḥ ,
teṣāmalpataro dharmaḥ kāmabhogamajānatām.

82. tapovaneṣu ye jātāḥ tatra eva nidhanam gatāḥ
teṣām alpataraḥ dharmaḥ kāmabhogam ajānatām

82. ye tapovaneṣu jātāḥ tatra eva nidhanam gatāḥ
kāmabhogam ajānatām teṣām dharmaḥ alpataraḥ

82. Those who were born in ascetic groves and passed away there, never having experienced sensual pleasures, for them, their adherence to natural law (dharma) is of lesser significance.

Words meanings summery:

• तपोवनेषु (tapovaneṣu) - in hermitages, in ascetic groves

• ये (ye) - who (plural)

• जाताः (jātāḥ) - born, arisen

• तत्र (tatra) - there

• एव (eva) - indeed, only, just

• निधनम् (nidhanam) - death, demise

• गताः (gatāḥ) - gone, attained, met (death)

• तेषाम् (teṣām) - for them, their

• अल्पतरः (alpataraḥ) - lesser, less significant (comparative)

• धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - natural law, intrinsic nature, duty, merit

• कामभोगम् (kāmabhogam) - sensual enjoyment, enjoyment of desires

• अजानताम् (ajānatām) - of those not knowing/experiencing

Words meanings and morphology

तपोवनेषु (tapovaneṣu) - in hermitages, in ascetic groves

(noun)

Locative, neuter, plural of tapovana

tapovana - ascetic grove, hermitage, forest for ascetic practices

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (tapas+vana)

• tapas – asceticism, penance, heat
  noun (neuter)
• vana – forest, wood, grove
  noun (neuter)

ये (ye) - who (plural)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yad

yad - who, which, what

जाताः (jātāḥ) - born, arisen

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of jāta

jāta - born, produced, arisen, happened

Past Passive Participle

formed from root jan (to be born, produce)

Root: jan (class 4)

तत्र (tatra) - there

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - indeed, only, just

(indeclinable)

निधनम् (nidhanam) - death, demise

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of nidhana

nidhana - death, destruction, end, demise

गताः (gatāḥ) - gone, attained, met (death)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of gata

gata - gone, reached, attained, past

Past Passive Participle

formed from root gam (to go)

Root: gam (class 1)

तेषाम् (teṣām) - for them, their

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

अल्पतरः (alpataraḥ) - lesser, less significant (comparative)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of alpatara

alpatara - lesser, smaller, inferior (comparative of alpa)

comparative degree of 'alpa' (small, little)

धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - natural law, intrinsic nature, duty, merit

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - natural law, intrinsic nature, righteousness, duty, virtue, cosmic order

कामभोगम् (kāmabhogam) - sensual enjoyment, enjoyment of desires

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kāmabhoga

kāmabhoga - enjoyment of desires, sensual pleasure

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kāma+bhoga)

• kāma – desire, wish, sensual pleasure, love
  noun (masculine)
• bhoga – enjoyment, pleasure, possession
  noun (masculine)
  Root: bhuj (class 7)

अजानताम् (ajānatām) - of those not knowing/experiencing

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of ajānat

ajānat - not knowing, ignorant, unaware

Present Active Participle

formed from root jñā (to know) with negation prefix 'a-'

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+jānat)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
• jānat – knowing, perceiving
  adjective (masculine)
  Present Active Participle
  formed from root jñā (to know)
  Root: jñā (class 9)