महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-309, verse-77

न देहभेदे मरणं विजानतां न च प्रणाशः स्वनुपालिते पथि ।
धर्मं हि यो वर्धयते स पण्डितो य एव धर्माच्च्यवते स मुह्यति ॥७७॥

77. na dehabhede maraṇaṁ vijānatāṁ; na ca praṇāśaḥ svanupālite pathi ,
dharmaṁ hi yo vardhayate sa paṇḍito; ya eva dharmāccyavate sa muhyati.

77. na dehabhede maraṇam vijānatām na
ca praṇāśaḥ suanupālite pathi dharmam
hi yaḥ vardhayate saḥ paṇḍitaḥ
yaḥ eva dharmāt cyavate saḥ muhyati

77. vijānatām dehabhede maraṇam na ca
svanupālite pathi praṇāśaḥ na hi
yaḥ dharmam vardhayate saḥ paṇḍitaḥ
yaḥ eva dharmāt cyavate saḥ muhyati

77. For the discerning, there is no death (maraṇa) when the body dissolves, nor is there destruction (praṇāśa) on the diligently followed path. Indeed, whoever promotes the natural law (dharma) is truly wise; but he who deviates from the natural law (dharma) becomes confused.

Words meanings summery:

• न (na) - negation (not, no, nor)

• देहभेदे (dehabhede) - at the time of bodily death (in the separation/dissolution of the body)

• मरणम् (maraṇam) - death, dying

• विजानताम् (vijānatām) - of those who know, for the discerning, for the wise

• न (na) - negation (not, no, nor)

• च (ca) - links two negative statements (and, also)

• प्रणाशः (praṇāśaḥ) - destruction, annihilation, complete loss

• सुअनुपालिते (suanupālite) - in the well-protected, in the diligently upheld

• पथि (pathi) - on the path, on the way

• धर्मम् (dharmam) - natural law, righteousness, constitution, duty

• हि (hi) - emphasizes the following statement (indeed, surely, for)

• यः (yaḥ) - who, whoever

• वर्धयते (vardhayate) - promotes the natural law (promotes, causes to grow, increases, fosters)

• सः (saḥ) - refers to the one who promotes dharma (he, that (masculine nominative singular))

• पण्डितः (paṇḍitaḥ) - one who understands spiritual truths (wise, learned, scholar, sage)

• यः (yaḥ) - who, whoever

• एव (eva) - emphasizes the subsequent action (indeed, only, certainly, just)

• धर्मात् (dharmāt) - from natural law, from righteousness, from duty

• च्यवते (cyavate) - deviates from the path of natural law (falls, deviates, departs, slips)

• सः (saḥ) - refers to the one who deviates from dharma (he, that (masculine nominative singular))

• मुह्यति (muhyati) - loses moral or spiritual clarity (becomes deluded, confused, bewildered, faints)

Words meanings and morphology

न (na) - negation (not, no, nor)

(indeclinable)

Negating particle.

देहभेदे (dehabhede) - at the time of bodily death (in the separation/dissolution of the body)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of dehabheda

dehabheda - dissolution of the body, separation of the body

Compound of deha (body) and bheda (separation, splitting).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (deha+bheda)

• deha – body, form, shape
  noun (masculine)
  From root dih (to smear, form).
  Root: dih (class 1)
• bheda – splitting, breaking, separation, division
  noun (masculine)
  From root bhid (to split).
  Root: bhid (class 7)

मरणम् (maraṇam) - death, dying

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of maraṇa

maraṇa - death, dying, act of dying

From root mṛ (to die) + ana suffix.

Root: mṛ (class 6)

Note: Subject of na (no death).

विजानताम् (vijānatām) - of those who know, for the discerning, for the wise

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of vijānat

vijānat - knowing, understanding, discerning, intelligent

Present Active Participle

From vi-jñā (root jñā, to know) + śatṛ suffix.

Prefix: vi

Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Functions as a noun in the genitive.

न (na) - negation (not, no, nor)

(indeclinable)

Negating particle.

च (ca) - links two negative statements (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

प्रणाशः (praṇāśaḥ) - destruction, annihilation, complete loss

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of praṇāśa

praṇāśa - destruction, annihilation, perishing

From pra-naś (root naś, to perish) + ghañ suffix.

Prefix: pra

Root: naś (class 4)

Note: Subject of na.

सुअनुपालिते (suanupālite) - in the well-protected, in the diligently upheld

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of suanupālita

suanupālita - well-protected, well-maintained, well-guarded

Past Passive Participle (compound of prefix + PPP)

Compound of su (well) and anupālita (protected, maintained). anupālita is from anu-pāl (root pāl, to protect) + kta.

Compound type : karmadhāraya (su+anupālita)

• su – good, well, very
  indeclinable
• anupālita – protected, maintained, cherished
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From anu-pāl (root pāl, to protect) + kta suffix.
  Prefix: anu
  Root: pāl (class 10)

पथि (pathi) - on the path, on the way

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of pathin

pathin - path, way, road, course

n-stem noun.

धर्मम् (dharmam) - natural law, righteousness, constitution, duty

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness, virtue, custom

From root dhṛ (to uphold, sustain).

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Object of vardhayate.

हि (hi) - emphasizes the following statement (indeed, surely, for)

(indeclinable)

Particle of affirmation or cause.

यः (yaḥ) - who, whoever

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what (relative pronoun)

Relative pronoun.

Note: Subject of vardhayate.

वर्धयते (vardhayate) - promotes the natural law (promotes, causes to grow, increases, fosters)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of vṛdh

Present Causative Middle

Causative stem vardhay from root vṛdh (to grow), 3rd person singular, present middle.

Root: vṛdh (class 1)

सः (saḥ) - refers to the one who promotes dharma (he, that (masculine nominative singular))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it (demonstrative pronoun)

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Subject of implied verb 'is' or predicate to paṇḍitaḥ.

पण्डितः (paṇḍitaḥ) - one who understands spiritual truths (wise, learned, scholar, sage)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of paṇḍita

paṇḍita - wise, learned, scholar, pundit

From root paṇḍ (to collect, to be wise).

Root: paṇḍ (class 1)

Note: Predicate nominative.

यः (yaḥ) - who, whoever

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what (relative pronoun)

Relative pronoun.

Note: Subject of cyavate.

एव (eva) - emphasizes the subsequent action (indeed, only, certainly, just)

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle.

धर्मात् (dharmāt) - from natural law, from righteousness, from duty

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness, virtue, custom

From root dhṛ (to uphold, sustain).

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Used with verbs of movement away or deviation.

च्यवते (cyavate) - deviates from the path of natural law (falls, deviates, departs, slips)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of cyu

Present Middle

From root cyu (to move), 3rd person singular, present middle.

Root: cyu (class 1)

सः (saḥ) - refers to the one who deviates from dharma (he, that (masculine nominative singular))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it (demonstrative pronoun)

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Subject of muhyati.

मुह्यति (muhyati) - loses moral or spiritual clarity (becomes deluded, confused, bewildered, faints)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of muh

Present Active

From root muh (to be bewildered), 3rd person singular, present active.

Root: muh (class 4)