महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-309, verse-23

ब्राह्मण्यं बहुभिरवाप्यते तपोभिस्तल्लब्ध्वा न परिपणेन हेडितव्यम् ।
स्वाध्याये तपसि दमे च नित्ययुक्तः क्षेमार्थी कुशलपरः सदा यतस्व ॥२३॥

23. brāhmaṇyaṁ bahubhiravāpyate tapobhi;stallabdhvā na paripaṇena heḍitavyam ,
svādhyāye tapasi dame ca nityayuktaḥ; kṣemārthī kuśalaparaḥ sadā yatasva.

23. brāhmaṇyam bahubhiḥ avāpyate tapobhiḥ
tat labdhvā na paripaṇena heḍitavyam
svādhyāye tapasi dame ca nityayuktaḥ
kṣemārthī kuśalaparaḥ sadā yatasva

23. yatasva sadā nityayuktaḥ svādhyāye
tapasi dame ca kṣemārthī kuśalaparaḥ
brāhmaṇyam bahubhiḥ tapobhiḥ avāpyate
tat labdhvā na paripaṇena heḍitavyam

23. The state of a Brahmin is attained through many austerities (tapas). Having achieved that, it should not be regarded lightly. Always strive, being constantly engaged in self-study, austerity (tapas), and self-restraint, seeking welfare and intensely focused on well-being.

Words meanings summery:

• ब्राह्मण्यम् (brāhmaṇyam) - the state of a Brahmin, Brahmanhood

• बहुभिः (bahubhiḥ) - by many

• अवाप्यते (avāpyate) - is attained, is obtained

• तपोभिः (tapobhiḥ) - by spiritual disciplines (tapas) (by austerities, by penances)

• तत् (tat) - that (state of a Brahmin) (that, that (Brahmanhood))

• लब्ध्वा (labdhvā) - having obtained, having acquired

• न (na) - not, no

• परिपणेन (paripaṇena) - by a trifle, lightly, by a low price

• हेडितव्यम् (heḍitavyam) - should be regarded lightly (should be disregarded, should be insulted, should be scorned)

• स्वाध्याये (svādhyāye) - in self-study, in recitation of sacred texts

• तपसि (tapasi) - in spiritual discipline (tapas) (in austerity, in penance)

• दमे (dame) - in self-restraint, in control (of senses)

• च (ca) - and, also

• नित्ययुक्तः (nityayuktaḥ) - constantly engaged, always devoted

• क्षेमार्थी (kṣemārthī) - seeking welfare, desirous of security

• कुशलपरः (kuśalaparaḥ) - intent on well-being, greatly skilled, devoted to virtue

• सदा (sadā) - always, ever, constantly

• यतस्व (yatasva) - strive, exert yourself, endeavor

Words meanings and morphology

ब्राह्मण्यम् (brāhmaṇyam) - the state of a Brahmin, Brahmanhood

(noun)

neuter, singular of brāhmaṇya

brāhmaṇya - the status or condition of a Brahmin, Brahmanhood, divine nature

Derived from brāhmaṇa (Brahmin) + ya (suffix for state/condition)

Note: It is the subject of 'avāpyate' (is attained).

बहुभिः (bahubhiḥ) - by many

(adjective)

Instrumental, plural of bahu

bahu - many, much, numerous, abundant

Note: Modifies 'tapobhiḥ'.

अवाप्यते (avāpyate) - is attained, is obtained

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of ava + √āp

Prefix: ava

Root: āp (class 5)

Note: The passive voice indicates 'brāhmaṇyam' is the subject.

तपोभिः (tapobhiḥ) - by spiritual disciplines (tapas) (by austerities, by penances)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of tapas

tapas - heat, warmth, pain, suffering, self-mortification, asceticism, austerity, spiritual practice

Root: tap (class 1)

Note: The means by which Brahmanhood is attained.

तत् (tat) - that (state of a Brahmin) (that, that (Brahmanhood))

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Object of the action implied by 'labdhvā'.

लब्ध्वा (labdhvā) - having obtained, having acquired

(indeclinable)

absolutive

Formed from √labh + tvā suffix

Root: labh (class 1)

Note: Connects the action of obtaining with the main action.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Note: Negates 'heḍitavyam'.

परिपणेन (paripaṇena) - by a trifle, lightly, by a low price

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine/neuter, singular of paripaṇa

paripaṇa - a low price, trifle, insignificant amount, betting

Prefix: pari

Root: paṇ (class 1)

Note: Indicates the manner of not disregarding.

हेडितव्यम् (heḍitavyam) - should be regarded lightly (should be disregarded, should be insulted, should be scorned)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of √heḍ

√heḍ - to disregard, scorn, insult, mock

gerundive

Formed from √heḍ + tavya suffix (denoting obligation or possibility)

Root: heḍ (class 1)

Note: Gerundive form, expressing obligation or fitness.

स्वाध्याये (svādhyāye) - in self-study, in recitation of sacred texts

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of svādhyāya

svādhyāya - self-study, study of the Vedas, recitation of sacred texts

Sva (self) + adhyāya (study)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sva+adhyāya)

• sva – self, own
  pronoun
• adhyāya – study, lesson, chapter, reading
  noun (masculine)
  adhi (prefix) + √i (to go, study)
  Prefix: adhi
  Root: i (class 2)

Note: Indicates the sphere of activity.

तपसि (tapasi) - in spiritual discipline (tapas) (in austerity, in penance)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of tapas

tapas - heat, warmth, pain, suffering, self-mortification, asceticism, austerity, spiritual practice

Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Indicates the sphere of activity.

दमे (dame) - in self-restraint, in control (of senses)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of dama

dama - self-control, self-restraint, control of the senses, taming

Derived from √dam (to tame, control)

Root: dam (class 1)

Note: Indicates the sphere of activity.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

नित्ययुक्तः (nityayuktaḥ) - constantly engaged, always devoted

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nityayukta

nityayukta - constantly engaged, always devoted, perpetually connected

Nitya (constant) + yukta (engaged)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nitya+yukta)

• nitya – constant, eternal, perpetual, regular
  adjective
• yukta – joined, united, engaged, yoked, connected, fit
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From √yuj (to join, connect)
  Root: yuj (class 7)

Note: Qualifies the implied subject (you).

क्षेमार्थी (kṣemārthī) - seeking welfare, desirous of security

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṣemārthin

kṣemārthin - desirous of welfare, seeking safety/security

Kṣema (welfare) + arthin (seeking)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kṣema+arthin)

• kṣema – welfare, safety, security, prosperity
  noun (masculine)
• arthin – desirous of, asking for, seeking, supplicant
  adjective
  From artha (purpose, object, wealth)

Note: Qualifies the implied subject (you).

कुशलपरः (kuśalaparaḥ) - intent on well-being, greatly skilled, devoted to virtue

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kuśalapara

kuśalapara - intent on well-being, highly skilled, devoted to virtue/auspiciousness

Kuśala (well-being, skill) + para (intent on, supreme)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kuśala+para)

• kuśala – well-being, welfare, prosperity, skill, cleverness, auspicious
  noun (neuter)
• para – supreme, highest, ultimate, intent on, devoted to
  adjective

Note: Qualifies the implied subject (you).

सदा (sadā) - always, ever, constantly

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb modifying 'yatasva'.

यतस्व (yatasva) - strive, exert yourself, endeavor

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, imperative (loṭ) of √yat

Root: yat (class 1)

Note: Direct command.