महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-309, verse-29

मर्यादा नियताः स्वयंभुवा य इहेमाः प्रभिनत्ति दशगुणा मनोनुगत्वात् ।
निवसति भृशमसुखं पितृविषयविपिनमवगाह्य स पापः ॥२९॥

29. maryādā niyatāḥ svayaṁbhuvā ya ihemāḥ; prabhinatti daśaguṇā manonugatvāt ,
nivasati bhṛśamasukhaṁ pitṛviṣaya;vipinamavagāhya sa pāpaḥ.

29. maryādāḥ niyatāḥ svayaṃbhuvā yaḥ
iha imāḥ prabhinatti daśaguṇāḥ
manonugatvāt nivasati bhṛśam asukham
pitṛviṣayavipinam avagāhya saḥ pāpaḥ

29. yaḥ iha svayaṃbhuvā niyatāḥ imāḥ daśaguṇāḥ maryādāḥ manonugatvāt prabhinatti,
saḥ pāpaḥ pitṛviṣayavipinam avagāhya bhṛśam asukham nivasati

29. Whoever in this world, driven by mental inclinations, violates these inherent moral laws (dharma) which are ten-fold and established by the Self-existent One, that sinful person (pāpa), having plunged into the realm of ancestors' suffering, dwells in great misery.

Words meanings summery:

• मर्यादाः (maryādāḥ) - inherent moral laws (dharma) (boundaries, limits, moral laws, rules of conduct)

• नियताः (niyatāḥ) - established, fixed, regulated, appointed

• स्वयंभुवा (svayaṁbhuvā) - by the Self-existent One (Brahma)

• यः (yaḥ) - whoever, which

• इह (iha) - here, in this world

• इमाः (imāḥ) - these

• प्रभिनत्ति (prabhinatti) - breaks, violates, cuts through

• दशगुणाः (daśaguṇāḥ) - ten-fold, ten qualities/virtues

• मनोनुगत्वात् (manonugatvāt) - due to following one's mind, due to mental inclination

• निवसति (nivasati) - dwells, resides, lives

• भृशम् (bhṛśam) - greatly, intensely, excessively

• असुखम् (asukham) - as an adverb: in great misery (unhappiness, misery; unhappily)

• पितृविषयविपिनम् (pitṛviṣayavipinam) - the forest of the ancestral realm, the realm of ancestors' suffering

• अवगाह्य (avagāhya) - having entered, having plunged into, having bathed in

• सः (saḥ) - that, he

• पापः (pāpaḥ) - sinful person (pāpa) (wicked person, sinner, evil)

Words meanings and morphology

मर्यादाः (maryādāḥ) - inherent moral laws (dharma) (boundaries, limits, moral laws, rules of conduct)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, plural of maryādā

maryādā - boundary, limit, moral law, rule of conduct, dignity

नियताः (niyatāḥ) - established, fixed, regulated, appointed

(participle)

Accusative, feminine, plural of niyata

niyata - fixed, established, restrained, regulated, appointed

past passive participle

Derived from root yam (to restrain, govern) with upasarga ni.

Prefix: ni

Root: yam (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'maryādāḥ'.

स्वयंभुवा (svayaṁbhuvā) - by the Self-existent One (Brahma)

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of svayaṃbhū

svayaṁbhū - self-existent, self-born, an epithet of Brahma, Shiva, Vishnu

Compound type : bahuvrihi (svayam+bhū)

• svayam – self, by oneself
  indeclinable
• bhū – being, existence, earth, to become
  noun (feminine)
  From root bhū (to be, become).
  Root: bhū (class 1)

यः (yaḥ) - whoever, which

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - which, what, who, whoever

इह (iha) - here, in this world

(indeclinable)

इमाः (imāḥ) - these

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, plural of idam

idam - this, these

Note: Agrees with 'maryādāḥ'.

प्रभिनत्ति (prabhinatti) - breaks, violates, cuts through

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of prabhid

present active

Root bhid (to break) with upasarga pra, 3rd person singular, present indicative, active voice.

Prefix: pra

Root: bhid (class 7)

दशगुणाः (daśaguṇāḥ) - ten-fold, ten qualities/virtues

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, plural of daśaguṇa

daśaguṇa - ten-fold, having ten good qualities, ten virtues/qualities

Compound type : bahuvrihi (daśan+guṇa)

• daśan – ten
  numeral
• guṇa – quality, virtue, attribute
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with 'maryādāḥ'.

मनोनुगत्वात् (manonugatvāt) - due to following one's mind, due to mental inclination

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of manonugatva

manonugatva - the state of following one's mind, mental inclination, impulsiveness

Compound type : tatpurusha (manas+anugatva)

• manas – mind, intellect, thought
  noun (neuter)
• anugatva – the state of following, obedience, conformity
  noun (neuter)
  Derived from root gam (to go) with upasarga anu and suffix -tva.
  Prefix: anu
  Root: gam (class 1)

निवसति (nivasati) - dwells, resides, lives

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of nivas

present active

Root vas (to dwell) with upasarga ni, 3rd person singular, present indicative, active voice.

Prefix: ni

Root: vas (class 1)

भृशम् (bhṛśam) - greatly, intensely, excessively

(indeclinable)

असुखम् (asukham) - as an adverb: in great misery (unhappiness, misery; unhappily)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of asukha

asukha - unhappiness, pain, sorrow, misery; unhappy, painful

Compound type : tatpurusha (a+sukha)

• a – not, non-
  prefix
• sukha – happiness, joy, comfort
  noun (neuter)

Note: Used adverbially here.

पितृविषयविपिनम् (pitṛviṣayavipinam) - the forest of the ancestral realm, the realm of ancestors' suffering

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of pitṛviṣayavipina

pitṛviṣayavipina - the forest region of the ancestors' realm; refers to a place of suffering in the ancestral world.

Compound type : tatpurusha (pitṛ+viṣaya+vipina)

• pitṛ – father, ancestor
  noun (masculine)
• viṣaya – realm, sphere, object, domain
  noun (masculine)
• vipina – forest, wilderness, grove
  noun (neuter)

अवगाह्य (avagāhya) - having entered, having plunged into, having bathed in

(indeclinable)

absolutive

Derived from root gāh (to plunge) with upasarga ava.

Prefix: ava

Root: gāh (class 1)

सः (saḥ) - that, he

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

पापः (pāpaḥ) - sinful person (pāpa) (wicked person, sinner, evil)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pāpa

pāpa - evil, bad, wicked, sinful; a sin, vice, wicked person