महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-309, verse-17

मृत्युनाभ्याहते लोके जरया परिपीडिते ।
अमोघासु पतन्तीषु धर्मयानेन संतर ॥१७॥

17. mṛtyunābhyāhate loke jarayā paripīḍite ,
amoghāsu patantīṣu dharmayānena saṁtara.

17. mṛtyunā abhyāhate loke jarayā paripīḍite
amoghāsu patantīṣu dharmayānena saṃtara

17. mṛtyunā jarayā ca abhyāhate paripīḍite loke,
amoghāsu patantīṣu (satsu),
dharmayānena saṃtara

17. In a world afflicted by death and tormented by old age, when inevitable consequences are manifesting, cross over by means of the vehicle of natural law (dharma).

Words meanings summery:

• मृत्युना (mṛtyunā) - by the pervasive force of death (by death)

• अभ्याहते (abhyāhate) - suffering from the impact of death (afflicted, struck, attacked)

• लोके (loke) - in this mundane existence (in the world, in the universe)

• जरया (jarayā) - by the process of aging and deterioration (by old age, by decay, by decrepitude)

• परिपीडिते (paripīḍite) - suffering severely (tormented, greatly oppressed, distressed)

• अमोघासु (amoghāsu) - referring to consequences or challenges that cannot be avoided (unfailing, unerring, inevitable, fruitful)

• पतन्तीषु (patantīṣu) - while inevitable difficulties or consequences are arising/occurring (in falling (ones), while falling)

• धर्मयानेन (dharmayānena) - by adhering to principles of natural law (dharma) as a means of salvation (by the vehicle of natural law/righteousness)

• संतर (saṁtara) - overcome the challenges of existence (saṃsāra) (cross over, swim across, pass through)

Words meanings and morphology

मृत्युना (mṛtyunā) - by the pervasive force of death (by death)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of mṛtyu

mṛtyu - death, mortality, the god of death

From root 'mṛ' (to die)

Root: mṛ (class 6)

अभ्याहते (abhyāhate) - suffering from the impact of death (afflicted, struck, attacked)

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of abhyāhata

abhyāhata - struck, assaulted, afflicted, tormented

Past Passive Participle

From root 'han' (to strike) with prefixes 'abhi-' (towards) and 'ā-' (up to, completely)

Prefixes: abhi+ā

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Qualifies 'loke'

लोके (loke) - in this mundane existence (in the world, in the universe)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of loka

loka - world, universe, people, region

From root 'lok' (to see, perceive)

Root: lok (class 1)

Note: Refers to the current state of existence

जरया (jarayā) - by the process of aging and deterioration (by old age, by decay, by decrepitude)

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of jarā

jarā - old age, decrepitude, decay, withering

From root 'jṛ' (to wear out, decay)

Root: jṛ (class 4)

परिपीडिते (paripīḍite) - suffering severely (tormented, greatly oppressed, distressed)

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of paripīḍita

paripīḍita - greatly tormented, severely oppressed, distressed on all sides

Past Passive Participle

From root 'pīḍ' (to torment) with prefix 'pari-' (around, completely)

Prefix: pari

Root: pīḍ (class 10)

Note: Qualifies 'loke'

अमोघासु (amoghāsu) - referring to consequences or challenges that cannot be avoided (unfailing, unerring, inevitable, fruitful)

(adjective)

Locative, feminine, plural of amoghā

amoghā - unfailing, unerring, successful, fruitful, inevitable, not vain

From 'a' (not) + 'mogha' (vain, useless)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+mogha)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• mogha – vain, useless, futile, foolish
  adjective (masculine)

पतन्तीषु (patantīṣu) - while inevitable difficulties or consequences are arising/occurring (in falling (ones), while falling)

(adjective)

Locative, feminine, plural of patantī

patantī - falling, descending, occurring, manifesting

Present Active Participle (feminine)

From root 'pat' (to fall) + śatṛ suffix, feminine form

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Participle used substantively, implies 'when unfailing things are falling/occurring'

धर्मयानेन (dharmayānena) - by adhering to principles of natural law (dharma) as a means of salvation (by the vehicle of natural law/righteousness)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of dharmayāna

dharmayāna - vehicle of righteousness, path of natural law (dharma)

Compound of 'dharma' (natural law, righteousness) and 'yāna' (vehicle)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dharma+yāna)

• dharma – natural law, righteousness, duty, virtue, constitution, intrinsic nature
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'dhṛ' (to hold, sustain)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• yāna – vehicle, carriage, going, journey
  noun (neuter)
  From root 'yā' (to go) + lyuṭ suffix
  Root: yā (class 2)

संतर (saṁtara) - overcome the challenges of existence (saṃsāra) (cross over, swim across, pass through)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of saṃtṛ

imperative 2nd person singular

From root 'tṛ' (to cross) with prefix 'sam-'

Prefix: sam

Root: tṛ (class 1)