महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-309, verse-6

फेनपात्रोपमे देहे जीवे शकुनिवत्स्थिते ।
अनित्ये प्रियसंवासे कथं स्वपिषि पुत्रक ॥६॥

6. phenapātropame dehe jīve śakunivatsthite ,
anitye priyasaṁvāse kathaṁ svapiṣi putraka.

6. phenapātropame dehe jīve śakunivat sthite
anitye priyasaṃvāse katham svapiṣi putraka

6. putraka anitye phenapātropame dehe śakunivat
sthite jīve priyasaṃvāse katham svapiṣi

6. O dear son, how can you sleep in this impermanent body, which is like a bowl of foam, where the individual soul (jīva) resides like a bird, and which is a cherished but temporary dwelling?

Words meanings summery:

• फेनपात्रोपमे (phenapātropame) - resembling a bowl of foam (resembling a foam-bowl, like a vessel of foam)

• देहे (dehe) - in this body (in the body)

• जीवे (jīve) - while the individual soul (jīva) (while the living being, while life, while the individual soul)

• शकुनिवत् (śakunivat) - like a bird (like a bird, similar to a bird)

• स्थिते (sthite) - residing (situated, residing, standing)

• अनित्ये (anitye) - impermanent (impermanent, transient)

• प्रियसंवासे (priyasaṁvāse) - in a cherished but temporary dwelling (in a beloved dwelling, in a dear association)

• कथम् (katham) - how (how, why)

• स्वपिषि (svapiṣi) - do you sleep (you sleep)

• पुत्रक (putraka) - O dear son (O dear son, little son)

Words meanings and morphology

फेनपात्रोपमे (phenapātropame) - resembling a bowl of foam (resembling a foam-bowl, like a vessel of foam)

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of phenapātropama

phenapātropama - resembling a foam-bowl

Compound type : upama-tatpuruṣa (phena+pātra+upama)

• phena – foam, froth
  noun (masculine)
• pātra – vessel, bowl, recipient
  noun (neuter)
• upama – resemblance, likeness, comparison (suffix)
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Agrees with dehe.

देहे (dehe) - in this body (in the body)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of deha

deha - body, form

From root dih 'to smear'

Root: dih (class 2)

Note: Used as the location.

जीवे (jīve) - while the individual soul (jīva) (while the living being, while life, while the individual soul)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of jīva

jīva - living being, individual soul, life, existing

From root jīv 'to live'

Root: jīv (class 1)

Note: Part of locative absolute with sthite.

शकुनिवत् (śakunivat) - like a bird (like a bird, similar to a bird)

(indeclinable)

Derived from śakuni (bird) with suffix -vat (like)

Note: Adverbial.

स्थिते (sthite) - residing (situated, residing, standing)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of sthita

sthita - standing, situated, existing, residing

Past Passive Participle

From root sthā 'to stand'

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Agrees with jīve in the locative absolute.

अनित्ये (anitye) - impermanent (impermanent, transient)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of anitya

anitya - impermanent, transient, non-eternal

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+nitya)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  Negation prefix
• nitya – constant, eternal, perpetual
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Agrees with dehe.

प्रियसंवासे (priyasaṁvāse) - in a cherished but temporary dwelling (in a beloved dwelling, in a dear association)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of priyasaṃvāsa

priyasaṁvāsa - beloved dwelling, dear association, pleasant cohabitation

Compound type : karmadhāraya (priya+saṃvāsa)

• priya – dear, beloved, pleasing
  adjective (masculine)
• saṃvāsa – dwelling, abode, cohabitation, association
  noun (masculine)
  From sam-vas 'to dwell together'
  Prefix: sam
  Root: vas (class 1)

Note: Agrees with dehe.

कथम् (katham) - how (how, why)

(indeclinable)

स्वपिषि (svapiṣi) - do you sleep (you sleep)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of svap

Present Indicative, 2nd person, singular, Active Voice

Root: svap (class 2)

पुत्रक (putraka) - O dear son (O dear son, little son)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of putraka

putraka - little son, dear son

Diminutive of putra (son)

Note: Emphatic/affectionate vocative.