महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-309, verse-16

कामं क्रोधं च मृत्युं च पञ्चेन्द्रियजलां नदीम् ।
नावं धृतिमयीं कृत्वा जन्मदुर्गाणि संतर ॥१६॥

16. kāmaṁ krodhaṁ ca mṛtyuṁ ca pañcendriyajalāṁ nadīm ,
nāvaṁ dhṛtimayīṁ kṛtvā janmadurgāṇi saṁtara.

16. kāmam krodham ca mṛtyum ca pañcendriyajalām
nadīm nāvam dhṛtimayīm kṛtvā janmadurgāṇi saṃtara

16. dhṛtimayīm nāvam kṛtvā,
kāmam krodham ca mṛtyum ca pañcendriyajalām nadīm (ca) janmadurgāṇi saṃtara

16. Make fortitude (dhṛti) your boat and cross over the difficult passages (durga) of repeated existence (saṃsāra), which are like a river, full of desire, anger, and death, and whose waters are the five senses.

Words meanings summery:

• कामम् (kāmam) - worldly desire, a strong human urge (desire, love, wish)

• क्रोधम् (krodham) - one of the powerful human emotions to be overcome (anger, wrath)

• च (ca) - conjunction (and, also)

• मृत्युम् (mṛtyum) - the cycle of birth and death (saṃsāra) (death)

• च (ca) - conjunction (and, also)

• पञ्चेन्द्रियजलाम् (pañcendriyajalām) - referring to a river of existence whose flow is driven by sensory input (having the five senses as its water)

• नदीम् (nadīm) - metaphor for the current of saṃsāra (repeated existence) (a river)

• नावम् (nāvam) - the means to cross over difficulties (a boat, ship)

• धृतिमयीम् (dhṛtimayīm) - implying a boat made of or characterized by fortitude (dhṛti) (consisting of firmness/fortitude, full of courage)

• कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - by making (having done, having made)

• जन्मदुर्गाणि (janmadurgāṇi) - the challenges and obstacles inherent in the cycle of repeated existence (saṃsāra) (difficult passages of birth, fortresses of existence)

• संतर (saṁtara) - overcome the challenges of existence (saṃsāra) (cross over, swim across, pass through)

Words meanings and morphology

कामम् (kāmam) - worldly desire, a strong human urge (desire, love, wish)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kāma

kāma - desire, wish, love, sensual pleasure, object of desire

From root 'kam' (to desire)

Root: kam (class 1)

Note: One of the elements constituting the 'river' metaphor

क्रोधम् (krodham) - one of the powerful human emotions to be overcome (anger, wrath)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of krodha

krodha - anger, wrath, fury

From root 'krudh' (to be angry)

Root: krudh (class 4)

Note: One of the elements constituting the 'river' metaphor

च (ca) - conjunction (and, also)

(indeclinable)

मृत्युम् (mṛtyum) - the cycle of birth and death (saṃsāra) (death)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mṛtyu

mṛtyu - death, mortality, the god of death

From root 'mṛ' (to die)

Root: mṛ (class 6)

Note: One of the elements constituting the 'river' metaphor

च (ca) - conjunction (and, also)

(indeclinable)

पञ्चेन्द्रियजलाम् (pañcendriyajalām) - referring to a river of existence whose flow is driven by sensory input (having the five senses as its water)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of pañcendriyajalā

pañcendriyajalā - having the five senses as its water

Compound of 'pañcan' (five), 'indriya' (sense), and 'jala' (water)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (pañcan+indriya+jala)

• pañcan – five
  numeral
• indriya – sense organ, faculty
  noun (neuter)
  From 'indra' (lord) + 'iya' suffix; related to Indra, or power
• jala – water
  noun (neuter)

Note: Qualifies 'nadīm'

नदीम् (nadīm) - metaphor for the current of saṃsāra (repeated existence) (a river)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of nadī

nadī - river, stream

Root: nad (class 1)

Note: Object of implied crossing

नावम् (nāvam) - the means to cross over difficulties (a boat, ship)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of nau

nau - boat, ship

Note: Object of 'kṛtvā'

धृतिमयीम् (dhṛtimayīm) - implying a boat made of or characterized by fortitude (dhṛti) (consisting of firmness/fortitude, full of courage)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of dhṛtimayī

dhṛtimayī - consisting of firmness, full of fortitude, endowed with patience

From 'dhṛti' (firmness, fortitude) + 'mayī' (feminine suffix indicating 'consisting of')

Note: Qualifies 'nāvam'

कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - by making (having done, having made)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

From root 'kṛ' (to do, make) + 'ktvā' suffix

Root: kṛ (class 8)

जन्मदुर्गाणि (janmadurgāṇi) - the challenges and obstacles inherent in the cycle of repeated existence (saṃsāra) (difficult passages of birth, fortresses of existence)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of janmadurga

janmadurga - fortresses/difficulties of birth/existence

Compound of 'janman' (birth) and 'durga' (fortress, difficult place)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (janman+durga)

• janman – birth, origin, existence
  noun (neuter)
  From root 'jan' (to be born)
  Root: jan (class 4)
• durga – fortress, difficult place, obstacle
  noun (neuter)
  From 'dus' (bad, difficult) + 'ga' (going)

Note: Object of 'saṃtara'

संतर (saṁtara) - overcome the challenges of existence (saṃsāra) (cross over, swim across, pass through)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of saṃtṛ

imperative 2nd person singular

From root 'tṛ' (to cross) with prefix 'sam-'

Prefix: sam

Root: tṛ (class 1)