महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-309, verse-2

भीष्म उवाच ।
प्राकृतेन सुवृत्तेन चरन्तमकुतोभयम् ।
अध्याप्य कृत्स्नं स्वाध्यायमन्वशाद्वै पिता सुतम् ॥२॥

2. bhīṣma uvāca ,
prākṛtena suvṛttena carantamakutobhayam ,
adhyāpya kṛtsnaṁ svādhyāyamanvaśādvai pitā sutam.

2. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca prākṛtena su-vṛttena carantam akutaḥ-bhayam
adhyāpya kṛtsnam svādhyāyam anu-aśāt vai pitā sutam

2. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca pitā prākṛtena su-vṛttena akutaḥ-bhayam
carantam sutam kṛtsnam svādhyāyam adhyāpya vai anu-aśāt

2. Bhishma said: "The father, having taught his son the entire Vedic study (svādhyāya), then indeed instructed his son, who was living a natural, virtuous, and fearless life."

Words meanings summery:

• भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - Bhishma

• उवाच (uvāca) - he said, spoke

• प्राकृतेन (prākṛtena) - by a natural, simple (one); in a natural way

• सु-वृत्तेन (su-vṛttena) - by a well-behaved, virtuous (one); in a well-behaved manner

• चरन्तम् (carantam) - (him) who was moving, living, acting

• अकुतः-भयम् (akutaḥ-bhayam) - fearless, having no fear from anywhere

• अध्याप्य (adhyāpya) - having taught

• कृत्स्नम् (kṛtsnam) - entire, whole, complete

• स्वाध्यायम् (svādhyāyam) - self-study, Vedic study

• अनु-अशात् (anu-aśāt) - he instructed, commanded

• वै (vai) - indeed, surely, verily

• पिता (pitā) - father

• सुतम् (sutam) - the son

Words meanings and morphology

भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - Bhishma

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - formidable, terrible; proper name of a Mahabharata character

From root 'bhī' (to fear) + 'ṣma' suffix.

Root: bhī (class 3)

उवाच (uvāca) - he said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

प्राकृतेन (prākṛtena) - by a natural, simple (one); in a natural way

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine/neuter, singular of prākṛta

prākṛta - natural, original, common, simple, uncultivated, ordinary

From 'prakṛti' (nature) + suffix 'aṇ'.

Note: Used adverbially to describe the manner of living of the son.

सु-वृत्तेन (su-vṛttena) - by a well-behaved, virtuous (one); in a well-behaved manner

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine/neuter, singular of su-vṛtta

su-vṛtta - well-behaved, virtuous, of good conduct

Compound type : karmadhāraya (su+vṛtta)

• su – good, well, excellent
  indeclinable
• vṛtta – behaved, conducted; conduct, behavior
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root 'vṛt' (to be, to exist, to behave).
  Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Used adverbially to describe the manner of living of the son.

चरन्तम् (carantam) - (him) who was moving, living, acting

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of carat

carat - moving, wandering, living, performing

Present Active Participle

Derived from root 'car' (to move, wander, live) with suffix 'śatṛ'.

Root: car (class 1)

अकुतः-भयम् (akutaḥ-bhayam) - fearless, having no fear from anywhere

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of akutaḥ-bhaya

akutaḥ-bhaya - having no fear from anywhere, fearless

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (akutas+bhaya)

• akutas – from nowhere, from no cause
  indeclinable
• bhaya – fear, dread
  noun (neuter)
  Root: bhī (class 3)

अध्याप्य (adhyāpya) - having taught

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund) of Causative

Derived from causative of 'adhi-i' (to study) with suffix 'lyap'.

Prefix: adhi

Root: i (class 2)

कृत्स्नम् (kṛtsnam) - entire, whole, complete

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kṛtsna

kṛtsna - whole, entire, complete, all

स्वाध्यायम् (svādhyāyam) - self-study, Vedic study

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of svādhyāya

svādhyāya - self-study, recitation of one's own Veda, sacred study

From 'sva' (self, own) + 'adhyāya' (reading, study).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sva+adhyāya)

• sva – self, own
  pronoun
• adhyāya – reading, study, lesson, chapter
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: adhi
  Root: i (class 2)

अनु-अशात् (anu-aśāt) - he instructed, commanded

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (luṅ) of anu-śās

Prefix: anu

Root: śās (class 2)

Note: Aorist (luṅ) form, often used with 'a' augment similar to imperfect.

वै (vai) - indeed, surely, verily

(indeclinable)

पिता (pitā) - father

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pitṛ

pitṛ - father

सुतम् (sutam) - the son

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of suta

suta - son, child

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'sū' (to beget, to produce).

Root: sū (class 2)