महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-309, verse-49

न मातृपितृबान्धवा न संस्तुतः प्रियो जनः ।
अनुव्रजन्ति संकटे व्रजन्तमेकपातिनम् ॥४९॥

49. na mātṛpitṛbāndhavā na saṁstutaḥ priyo janaḥ ,
anuvrajanti saṁkaṭe vrajantamekapātinam.

49. na mātṛpitṛbāndhavāḥ na saṃstutaḥ priyaḥ
janaḥ anuvrajanti saṃkaṭe vrajantam ekapātinam

49. saṃkaṭe ekapātinam vrajantam na mātṛpitṛbāndhavāḥ
na saṃstutaḥ priyaḥ janaḥ anuvrajanti

49. Neither mother, father, nor relatives, nor even esteemed and beloved individuals, accompany the one who departs alone during a crisis.

Words meanings summery:

• न (na) - neither (not, nor)

• मातृपितृबान्धवाः (mātṛpitṛbāndhavāḥ) - mothers, fathers, and relatives

• न (na) - nor (not, nor)

• संस्तुतः (saṁstutaḥ) - esteemed (praised, well-regarded, esteemed)

• प्रियः (priyaḥ) - beloved (beloved, dear, liked)

• जनः (janaḥ) - person, individual (person, man, people)

• अनुव्रजन्ति (anuvrajanti) - accompany (they follow, accompany)

• संकटे (saṁkaṭe) - during a crisis (in distress, in difficulty, at a crisis)

• व्रजन्तम् (vrajantam) - the one who is departing (by death) (one who is going, departing)

• एकपातिनम् (ekapātinam) - the solitary traveler (one who falls/goes alone, solitary traveler)

Words meanings and morphology

न (na) - neither (not, nor)

(indeclinable)

मातृपितृबान्धवाः (mātṛpitṛbāndhavāḥ) - mothers, fathers, and relatives

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of mātṛpitṛbāndhava

mātṛpitṛbāndhava - mothers, fathers, and other relatives

compound of mātṛ, pitṛ, and bāndhava

Compound type : Dvandva (mātṛ+pitṛ+bāndhava)

• mātṛ – mother
  noun (feminine)
• pitṛ – father
  noun (masculine)
• bāndhava – relative, kinsman
  noun (masculine)

Note: Subject of anuvrajanti

न (na) - nor (not, nor)

(indeclinable)

Note: Used to connect the second negative clause

संस्तुतः (saṁstutaḥ) - esteemed (praised, well-regarded, esteemed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃstuta

saṁstuta - praised, eulogized, well-spoken of, well-regarded

Past Passive Participle

PPP of sam-stu (to praise, commend)

Prefix: sam

Root: stu (class 2)

Note: Adjective for janaḥ

प्रियः (priyaḥ) - beloved (beloved, dear, liked)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of priya

priya - dear, beloved, liked, agreeable

Root: prī

Note: Adjective for janaḥ

जनः (janaḥ) - person, individual (person, man, people)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jana

jana - person, man, individual, people, race

from root jan (to be born)

Root: jan (class 1)

Note: Subject of anuvrajanti (implicitly plural as it's a collective or general statement)

अनुव्रजन्ति (anuvrajanti) - accompany (they follow, accompany)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of anu-vraj

Present Active

Present active, Parasmaipada, 3rd person plural

Prefix: anu

Root: vraj (class 1)

संकटे (saṁkaṭe) - during a crisis (in distress, in difficulty, at a crisis)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of saṃkaṭa

saṁkaṭa - distress, danger, difficulty, crisis, narrowness

from sam-kaṭ (to gather, become narrow)

Root: kaṭ

Note: Refers to the critical moment of death

व्रजन्तम् (vrajantam) - the one who is departing (by death) (one who is going, departing)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vrajat

vrajat - going, moving, walking, departing

Present Active Participle

Present active participle of vraj (to go, move)

Root: vraj (class 1)

Note: Refers to the dying person; object of anuvrajanti

एकपातिनम् (ekapātinam) - the solitary traveler (one who falls/goes alone, solitary traveler)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ekapātin

ekapātin - one who falls/goes alone, solitary, lone traveler

eka (one) + pātin (falling, going - agent noun from pat)

Compound type : Karma-dhāraya (eka+pātin)

• eka – one, single, alone
  adjective
• pātin – falling, flying, going, one who falls/goes
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent Noun
  Derived from root pat with -in suffix
  Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Adjective for vrajantam