महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-309, verse-31

उष्णां वैतरणीं महानदीमवगाढोऽसिपत्रवनभिन्नगात्रः ।
परशुवनशयो निपतितो वसति च महानिरये भृशार्तः ॥३१॥

31. uṣṇāṁ vaitaraṇīṁ mahānadī;mavagāḍho'sipatravanabhinnagātraḥ ,
paraśuvanaśayo nipatito; vasati ca mahāniraye bhṛśārtaḥ.

31. uṣṇām vaitaraṇīm mahānadīm
avagāḍhaḥ asi-patra-vana-bhinna-gātraḥ
paraśu-vana-śayaḥ nipatitaḥ
vasati ca mahāniraye bhṛśārtaḥ

31. uṣṇām vaitaraṇīm mahānadīm
avagāḍhaḥ asi-patra-vana-bhinna-gātraḥ
paraśu-vana-śayaḥ nipatitaḥ
ca bhṛśārtaḥ mahāniraye vasati

31. Plunged into the scorching great river Vaitaraṇī, with his body torn by the sword-leaf forest, and fallen to lie in an axe-forest, he dwells in the great hell, severely afflicted.

Words meanings summery:

• उष्णाम् (uṣṇām) - hot, scorching

• वैतरणीम् (vaitaraṇīm) - the river Vaitaraṇī (river in hell)

• महानदीम् (mahānadīm) - great river

• अवगाढः (avagāḍhaḥ) - plunged, immersed, entered

• असि-पत्र-वन-भिन्न-गात्रः (asi-patra-vana-bhinna-gātraḥ) - whose body is pierced by the forest of sword-leaves

• परशु-वन-शयः (paraśu-vana-śayaḥ) - lying in a forest of axes

• निपतितः (nipatitaḥ) - fallen, thrown down

• वसति (vasati) - dwells, resides

• च (ca) - and, also

• महानिरये (mahāniraye) - in the great hell, in the deepest hell

• भृशार्तः (bhṛśārtaḥ) - greatly distressed, severely pained, deeply afflicted

Words meanings and morphology

उष्णाम् (uṣṇām) - hot, scorching

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of uṣṇa

uṣṇa - hot, scorching, warm

From root √uṣ (to burn)

Root: uṣ (class 1)

वैतरणीम् (vaitaraṇīm) - the river Vaitaraṇī (river in hell)

(proper noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of vaitaraṇī

vaitaraṇī - the river Vaitaraṇī (mythological river separating the living world from the infernal regions)

महानदीम् (mahānadīm) - great river

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of mahānadī

mahānadī - great river

Compound of mahā (great) and nadī (river)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+nadī)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective (feminine)
• nadī – river, stream
  noun (feminine)

अवगाढः (avagāḍhaḥ) - plunged, immersed, entered

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of avagāḍha

avagāḍha - plunged, immersed, entered

Past Passive Participle

Formed from ava- (down, into) + root √gāh (to plunge)

Prefix: ava

Root: gāh (class 1)

असि-पत्र-वन-भिन्न-गात्रः (asi-patra-vana-bhinna-gātraḥ) - whose body is pierced by the forest of sword-leaves

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of asi-patra-vana-bhinna-gātra

asi-patra-vana-bhinna-gātra - whose body is pierced by the forest of sword-leaves

Bahuvrīhi compound: 'asi-patra-vana-bhinna-gātra' (one whose body (gātra) is pierced (bhinna) by a forest (vana) of sword-leaves (asi-patra))

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (asi-patra+vana+bhinna+gātra)

• asi – sword
  noun (masculine)
• patra – leaf, feather, wing
  noun (neuter)
• vana – forest, wood, grove
  noun (neuter)
• bhinna – pierced, broken, split
  participle (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root √bhid (to break, pierce)
  Root: bhid (class 7)
• gātra – limb, body
  noun (neuter)

परशु-वन-शयः (paraśu-vana-śayaḥ) - lying in a forest of axes

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of paraśu-vana-śaya

paraśu-vana-śaya - lying in an axe-forest

Tatpuruṣa compound 'paraśu-vana' (forest of axes) + derivative 'śaya' (lying, reclining) from root √śī (to lie). The whole is a Bahuvrīhi describing one who lies there.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa/bahuvrīhi (paraśu+vana+śaya)

• paraśu – axe, hatchet
  noun (masculine)
• vana – forest, wood, grove
  noun (neuter)
• śaya – lying, reclining
  participle (masculine)
  noun of action/derivative adjective
  From root √śī (to lie)
  Root: śī (class 2)

निपतितः (nipatitaḥ) - fallen, thrown down

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nipatita

nipatita - fallen, thrown down

Past Passive Participle

Formed from ni- (down) + root √pat (to fall)

Prefix: ni

Root: pat (class 1)

वसति (vasati) - dwells, resides

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of vas

Present Active

Root √vas (to dwell)

Root: vas (class 1)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

महानिरये (mahāniraye) - in the great hell, in the deepest hell

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of mahāniraya

mahāniraya - great hell, deepest hell

Compound of mahā (great) and niraya (hell)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+niraya)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective (masculine)
• niraya – hell, infernal region
  noun (masculine)

भृशार्तः (bhṛśārtaḥ) - greatly distressed, severely pained, deeply afflicted

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhṛśārta

bhṛśārta - greatly distressed, severely pained, deeply afflicted

Compound of bhṛśa (very, much) and ārta (distressed, pained)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (bhṛśa+ārta)

• bhṛśa – very, much, excessive
  indeclinable/adjective
• ārta – pained, distressed, afflicted
  participle (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From ā-√ṛ 'to go to' (a bad state)
  Prefix: ā
  Root: ṛ (class 3)