महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-309, verse-90

मासर्तुसंज्ञापरिवर्तकेन सूर्याग्निना रात्रिदिवेन्धनेन ।
स्वकर्मनिष्ठाफलसाक्षिकेण भूतानि कालः पचति प्रसह्य ॥९०॥

90. māsartusaṁjñāparivartakena; sūryāgninā rātridivendhanena ,
svakarmaniṣṭhāphalasākṣikeṇa; bhūtāni kālaḥ pacati prasahya.

90. māsartusaṃjñāparivartakena sūryāgninā rātridivedhanena
svakarmaniṣṭhāphalasākṣikeṇa bhūtāni kālaḥ pacati prasahya

90. kālaḥ māsartusaṃjñāparivartakena sūryāgninā rātridivedhanena
svakarmaniṣṭhāphalasākṣikeṇa bhūtāni pacati prasahya

90. Time (Kāla) relentlessly consumes all living beings, (acting) by means of the sun and fire that orchestrate the changes of months and seasons, using night and day as its fuel, and having the fruit of dedicated performance of one's own actions (karma) as its witness.

Words meanings summery:

• मासर्तुसंज्ञापरिवर्तकेन (māsartusaṁjñāparivartakena) - by the one who changes the names/designations of months and seasons

• सूर्याग्निना (sūryāgninā) - by the sun-fire, by the sun and fire

• रात्रिदिवेधनेन (rātridivedhanena) - by that whose fuel is night and day

• स्वकर्मनिष्ठाफलसाक्षिकेण (svakarmaniṣṭhāphalasākṣikeṇa) - by the one whose witness is the fruit of steadfastness in one's actions (karma)

• भूतानि (bhūtāni) - all created beings (living beings, creatures, elements)

• कालः (kālaḥ) - Time personified as a force of destruction and maturation (Time, appointed time, season, death)

• पचति (pacati) - consumes, brings to an end (cooks, ripens, matures, digests, consumes, destroys)

• प्रसह्य (prasahya) - forcefully, violently, irresistibly, by force

Words meanings and morphology

मासर्तुसंज्ञापरिवर्तकेन (māsartusaṁjñāparivartakena) - by the one who changes the names/designations of months and seasons

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of māsartusaṃjñāparivartaka

māsartusaṁjñāparivartaka - one who changes the names of months and seasons

Agent noun (kṛt)

Compound formed from `māsa-ṛtu-saṃjñā` (names of months and seasons) and `parivartaka` (changer).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (māsa+ṛtu+saṃjñā+parivartaka)

• māsa – month
  noun (masculine)
• ṛtu – season
  noun (masculine)
• saṃjñā – name, designation, appellation, technical term
  noun (feminine)
  From root `jñā` with prefix `sam`.
  Prefix: sam
  Root: jñā (class 9)
• parivartaka – changer, alternator, causing to turn around
  noun (masculine)
  Agent noun
  From `pari-vṛt` (to turn around, change).
  Prefix: pari
  Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Refers to Kāla.

सूर्याग्निना (sūryāgninā) - by the sun-fire, by the sun and fire

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of sūryāgni

sūryāgni - sun-fire, the sun and fire (dvandva)

Dvandva compound of `sūrya` and `agni`.

Compound type : dvandva (sūrya+agni)

• sūrya – sun
  noun (masculine)
• agni – fire, god of fire
  noun (masculine)

Note: Describes the means/instrument by which Kāla acts.

रात्रिदिवेधनेन (rātridivedhanena) - by that whose fuel is night and day

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of rātridivedhana

rātridivedhana - having night and day as fuel, whose fuel is night and day

Bahuvrīhi compound: `rātri-diva` (night-day) + `indhana` (fuel).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (rātri+diva+indhana)

• rātri – night
  noun (feminine)
• diva – day
  noun (masculine)
  Stem form of `divas` (day).
• indhana – fuel, kindling
  noun (neuter)
  From root `indh` (to kindle).
  Root: indh (class 7)

Note: Refers to Kāla.

स्वकर्मनिष्ठाफलसाक्षिकेण (svakarmaniṣṭhāphalasākṣikeṇa) - by the one whose witness is the fruit of steadfastness in one's actions (karma)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of svakarmaniṣṭhāphalasākṣika

svakarmaniṣṭhāphalasākṣika - having as witness the fruit of steadfastness in one's own actions (karma)

Bahuvrīhi compound. `sva-karma-niṣṭhā-phala` (fruit of steadfastness in one's own actions) + `sākṣika` (witness).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sva+karman+niṣṭhā+phala+sākṣika)

• sva – own, self
  pronoun (masculine)
• karman – action, deed, work, consequence of action (karma)
  noun (neuter)
  Derived from root 'kṛ' (to do).
  Root: kṛ (class 8)
• niṣṭhā – steadfastness, devotion, completion, end
  noun (feminine)
  From `ni-sthā` (to stand firm).
  Prefix: ni
  Root: sthā (class 1)
• phala – fruit, result, consequence
  noun (neuter)
• sākṣika – witness, spectator, testifying
  adjective (masculine)
  From `sākṣin` (witness).

Note: Refers to Kāla.

भूतानि (bhūtāni) - all created beings (living beings, creatures, elements)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of bhūta

bhūta - being, creature, element, ghost, past

Past Passive Participle (used as noun)

From root `bhū` (to be, become).

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Object of `pacati`.

कालः (kālaḥ) - Time personified as a force of destruction and maturation (Time, appointed time, season, death)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kāla

kāla - time, dark-blue, death, season

Note: Subject of `pacati`.

पचति (pacati) - consumes, brings to an end (cooks, ripens, matures, digests, consumes, destroys)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present indicative (laṭ) of pac

Present active indicative

3rd person singular, parasmaipada.

Root: pac (class 1)

प्रसह्य (prasahya) - forcefully, violently, irresistibly, by force

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

From root `sah` with prefix `pra`. `lyap` suffix.

Prefix: pra

Root: sah (class 1)

Note: Modifies `pacati`.