महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-112, verse-64

न दुष्करमिदं पुत्र यत्प्रभुर्घातयेत्परम् ।
श्लाघनीया च वर्या च लोके प्रभवतां क्षमा ॥६४॥

64. na duṣkaramidaṁ putra yatprabhurghātayetparam ,
ślāghanīyā ca varyā ca loke prabhavatāṁ kṣamā.

64. na duṣkaram idam putra yat prabhuḥ ghātayet param
ślāghanīyā ca varyā ca loke prabhavatām kṣamā

64. putra idam na duṣkaram yat prabhuḥ param ghātayet
ca kṣamā loke prabhavatām ślāghanīyā ca varyā

64. My son, it is not difficult for a ruler to have an enemy killed. However, forgiveness (kṣamā) is praiseworthy and excellent among powerful individuals in the world.

Words meanings summery:

• न (na) - not, no

• दुष्करम् (duṣkaram) - difficult, hard to do, arduous

• इदम् (idam) - this, this one

• पुत्र (putra) - son

• यत् (yat) - that (conjunction), which

• प्रभुः (prabhuḥ) - master, lord, ruler, powerful person

• घातयेत् (ghātayet) - should cause to kill, should have killed

• परम् (param) - enemy (enemy, another, rival)

• श्लाघनीया (ślāghanīyā) - praiseworthy, commendable, laudable

• च (ca) - and, also

• वर्या (varyā) - excellent, choice, best

• च (ca) - and, also

• लोके (loke) - in the world, among people

• प्रभवताम् (prabhavatām) - of the powerful, of those who have influence

• क्षमा (kṣamā) - forgiveness, patience, endurance, tolerance

Words meanings and morphology

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

दुष्करम् (duṣkaram) - difficult, hard to do, arduous

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of duṣkara

duṣkara - difficult, hard to do, arduous

From 'dus' (bad, difficult) + 'kara' (making, doing).

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Predicate adjective for 'idam'.

इदम् (idam) - this, this one

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, this one

Note: Refers to the act of a lord killing an enemy.

पुत्र (putra) - son

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of putra

putra - son, child

Note: Term of address.

यत् (yat) - that (conjunction), which

(indeclinable)

प्रभुः (prabhuḥ) - master, lord, ruler, powerful person

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prabhu

prabhu - master, lord, ruler, powerful, capable

From 'pra' (forth) + root 'bhū' (to be, become).

Prefix: pra

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Subject of 'ghātayet'.

घातयेत् (ghātayet) - should cause to kill, should have killed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of ghātay

Causative Optative

Causative stem from root 'han' (to strike, kill).

Root: han (class 2)

परम् (param) - enemy (enemy, another, rival)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of para

para - other, another, enemy, supreme, highest

Note: Object of 'ghātayet'.

श्लाघनीया (ślāghanīyā) - praiseworthy, commendable, laudable

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of ślāghanīya

ślāghanīya - praiseworthy, commendable, laudable

Gerundive

From root 'ślāgh' (to praise, commend).

Root: ślāgh (class 1)

Note: Predicate adjective for 'kṣamā'.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

वर्या (varyā) - excellent, choice, best

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of varya

varya - excellent, choice, best, worthy of choice

Gerundive

From root 'vṛ' (to choose, select).

Root: vṛ (class 9)

Note: Predicate adjective for 'kṣamā'.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

लोके (loke) - in the world, among people

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of loka

loka - world, realm, people

प्रभवताम् (prabhavatām) - of the powerful, of those who have influence

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of prabhavat

prabhavat - powerful, influential, effective, lordly

Present Active Participle

From root 'bhū' (to be) with upasarga 'pra' (forth, intensely).

Prefix: pra

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Qualifies implicit 'people' or 'rulers'.

क्षमा (kṣamā) - forgiveness, patience, endurance, tolerance

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of kṣamā

kṣamā - forgiveness, patience, endurance, tolerance

From root 'kṣam' (to be patient, endure).

Root: kṣam (class 1)

Note: Subject of the sentence.