महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-112, verse-33

अपराधैर्न तावन्तो भृत्याः शिष्टा नराधिपैः ।
उपघातैर्यथा भृत्या दूषिता निधनं गताः ॥३३॥

33. aparādhairna tāvanto bhṛtyāḥ śiṣṭā narādhipaiḥ ,
upaghātairyathā bhṛtyā dūṣitā nidhanaṁ gatāḥ.

33. aparādhaiḥ na tāvantaḥ bhṛtyāḥ śiṣṭāḥ narādhipaiḥ
upaghātaiḥ yathā bhṛtyāḥ dūṣitāḥ nidhanam gatāḥ

33. aparādhaiḥ narādhipaiḥ tāvantaḥ bhṛtyāḥ na śiṣṭāḥ,
yathā upaghātaiḥ dūṣitāḥ bhṛtyāḥ nidhanam gatāḥ

33. Not as many servants are punished by rulers for their offenses as those servants who, disgraced by insults, meet their ruin.

Words meanings summery:

• अपराधैः (aparādhaiḥ) - by offenses, by transgressions, by faults

• न (na) - not, no

• तावन्तः (tāvantaḥ) - so many, so numerous

• भृत्याः (bhṛtyāḥ) - servants, dependents, employees

• शिष्टाः (śiṣṭāḥ) - punished, disciplined (punished, disciplined, instructed, educated)

• नराधिपैः (narādhipaiḥ) - by kings, by rulers of men

• उपघातैः (upaghātaiḥ) - by insults (leading to disgrace) (by harms, by injuries, by insults, by offenses)

• यथा (yathā) - as, just as, in what manner

• भृत्याः (bhṛtyāḥ) - servants, dependents, employees

• दूषिताः (dūṣitāḥ) - disgraced (corrupted, spoiled, disgraced, polluted)

• निधनम् (nidhanam) - ruin, downfall (death, destruction, ruin)

• गताः (gatāḥ) - gone (to ruin), met (their end) (gone, reached, obtained)

Words meanings and morphology

अपराधैः (aparādhaiḥ) - by offenses, by transgressions, by faults

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of aparādha

aparādha - offense, fault, transgression, crime, sin

From root √rādh (to succeed, be propitious) with prefix apa- (away, wrongly)

Prefix: apa

Root: rādh (class 5)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

तावन्तः (tāvantaḥ) - so many, so numerous

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tāvant

tāvant - so many, so much, so great, such

Derived from tad (that) with suffix -vant

भृत्याः (bhṛtyāḥ) - servants, dependents, employees

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of bhṛtya

bhṛtya - servant, dependant, hired worker, employee

Gerundive / Future Passive Participle

From root √bhṛ (to bear, support, maintain) with suffix -tya

Root: bhṛ (class 1)

शिष्टाः (śiṣṭāḥ) - punished, disciplined (punished, disciplined, instructed, educated)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of śiṣṭa

śiṣṭa - disciplined, taught, punished, well-behaved, educated

Past Passive Participle

From root √śiṣ (to discipline, teach)

Root: śiṣ (class 7)

नराधिपैः (narādhipaiḥ) - by kings, by rulers of men

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of narādhipa

narādhipa - king, ruler, lord of men

Compound of nara (man) + adhipa (lord, ruler)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nara+adhipa)

• nara – man, human being
  noun (masculine)
• adhipa – lord, ruler, master
  noun (masculine)
  From prefix adhi- + root √pā (to protect)
  Prefix: adhi
  Root: pā (class 2)

उपघातैः (upaghātaiḥ) - by insults (leading to disgrace) (by harms, by injuries, by insults, by offenses)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of upaghāta

upaghāta - harm, injury, assault, offense, insult, destruction

From root √han (to strike, kill) with prefix upa-

Prefix: upa

Root: han (class 2)

यथा (yathā) - as, just as, in what manner

(indeclinable)

भृत्याः (bhṛtyāḥ) - servants, dependents, employees

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of bhṛtya

bhṛtya - servant, dependant, hired worker, employee

Gerundive / Future Passive Participle

From root √bhṛ (to bear, support, maintain) with suffix -tya

Root: bhṛ (class 1)

दूषिताः (dūṣitāḥ) - disgraced (corrupted, spoiled, disgraced, polluted)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of dūṣita

dūṣita - corrupted, spoiled, defiled, disgraced, polluted

Past Passive Participle

From causal of root √duṣ (to be corrupt/spoiled)

Root: duṣ (class 4)

निधनम् (nidhanam) - ruin, downfall (death, destruction, ruin)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of nidhana

nidhana - death, destruction, ruin, end, repository

Compound of ni- (down, into) + dhana (wealth, place) or root √dhā (to place)

Prefix: ni

Root: dhā (class 3)

गताः (gatāḥ) - gone (to ruin), met (their end) (gone, reached, obtained)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of gata

gata - gone, past, arrived, reached, obtained, happened

Past Passive Participle

From root √gam (to go)

Root: gam (class 1)