महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-112, verse-50

सरोषस्त्वथ शार्दूलः श्रुत्वा गोमायुचापलम् ।
बभूवामर्षितो राजा वधं चास्याभ्यरोचयत् ॥५०॥

50. saroṣastvatha śārdūlaḥ śrutvā gomāyucāpalam ,
babhūvāmarṣito rājā vadhaṁ cāsyābhyarocayat.

50. sa roṣaḥ tu atha śārdūlaḥ śrutvā gomāyucāpalam
babhūva amarṣitaḥ rājā vadham ca asya abhyarocayat

50. atha śārdūlaḥ tu gomāyucāpalam śrutvā sa roṣaḥ
rājā babhūva amarṣitaḥ ca asya vadham abhyarocayat

50. Then, upon hearing of the jackal's deceit, the lion, filled with rage, became furious. And the king desired his (the jackal's) death.

Words meanings summery:

• सरोषः (saroṣaḥ) - enraged, filled with rage (full of anger, enraged)

• तु (tu) - then, indeed (but, indeed, however)

• अथ (atha) - then (then, now, moreover)

• शार्दूलः (śārdūlaḥ) - the lion (king of beasts) (tiger, lion, any fierce animal)

• श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - upon hearing (having heard)

• गोमायुचापलम् (gomāyucāpalam) - the jackal's deceit (the fickleness/deceit of the jackal)

• बभूव (babhūva) - became (became, was)

• अमर्षितः (amarṣitaḥ) - enraged, furious (enraged, indignant, impatient)

• राजा (rājā) - the king (the lion) (king)

• वधम् (vadham) - death, execution (killing, slaying, death)

• च (ca) - and

• अस्य (asya) - his (the jackal's) (his, of him)

• अभ्यरोचयत् (abhyarocayat) - approved, desired (his death) (approved, desired, liked)

Words meanings and morphology

सरोषः (saroṣaḥ) - enraged, filled with rage (full of anger, enraged)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saroṣa

saroṣa - with anger, angry, enraged

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sa+roṣa)

• sa – with, possessing
  indeclinable
• roṣa – anger, wrath
  noun (masculine)
  from √ruṣ (to be angry) + ghañ suffix
  Root: ruṣ (class 1)

Note: Agrees with śārdūlaḥ and rājā.

तु (tu) - then, indeed (but, indeed, however)

(indeclinable)

अथ (atha) - then (then, now, moreover)

(indeclinable)

शार्दूलः (śārdūlaḥ) - the lion (king of beasts) (tiger, lion, any fierce animal)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śārdūla

śārdūla - tiger, lion, any fierce animal

Note: Often refers to the lion in fables.

श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - upon hearing (having heard)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

from √śru + ktvā suffix

Root: śru (class 5)

गोमायुचापलम् (gomāyucāpalam) - the jackal's deceit (the fickleness/deceit of the jackal)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of gomāyucāpala

gomāyucāpala - fickleness/deceit of the jackal

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (gomāyu+cāpala)

• gomāyu – jackal
  noun (masculine)
• cāpala – fickleness, instability, deceit
  noun (neuter)
  from capala + aṇ suffix

बभूव (babhūva) - became (became, was)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of bhū

Root: bhū (class 1)

अमर्षितः (amarṣitaḥ) - enraged, furious (enraged, indignant, impatient)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of amarṣita

amarṣita - enraged, indignant, impatient

Past Passive Participle

from a-marṣ (not enduring) + kta suffix

Prefix: a

Root: mṛṣ (class 1)

Note: Agrees with rājā.

राजा (rājā) - the king (the lion) (king)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

वधम् (vadham) - death, execution (killing, slaying, death)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vadha

vadha - killing, slaying, death, murder

from √vadh (to strike, to kill) + a suffix

Root: vadh (class 1)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

अस्य (asya) - his (the jackal's) (his, of him)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, he, she, it

Note: Masculine genitive singular of idam, referring to the jackal.

अभ्यरोचयत् (abhyarocayat) - approved, desired (his death) (approved, desired, liked)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of abhiruc

Prefix: abhi

Root: ruc (class 1)

Note: Causative form of √ruc, meaning 'caused to be liked/approved', or simply 'approved'.