महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-112, verse-40

तं तथा सत्कृतं दृष्ट्वा युज्यमानं च कर्मणि ।
प्राद्विषन्कृतसंघाताः पूर्वभृत्या मुहुर्मुहुः ॥४०॥

40. taṁ tathā satkṛtaṁ dṛṣṭvā yujyamānaṁ ca karmaṇi ,
prādviṣankṛtasaṁghātāḥ pūrvabhṛtyā muhurmuhuḥ.

40. tam tathā satkṛtam dṛṣṭvā yujyamānam ca karmaṇi
prādviṣan kṛtasaṃghātāḥ pūrvabhṛtyāḥ muhuḥ muhuḥ

40. pūrvabhṛtyāḥ kṛtasaṃghātāḥ tam tathā satkṛtam karmaṇi ca yujyamānam dṛṣṭvā muhuḥ muhuḥ prādviṣan.

40. Seeing him thus honored and diligently engaged in his duties (karma), the former servants, who had formed an alliance, repeatedly grew envious and hostile.

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - him, that

• तथा (tathā) - thus, in that manner, so

• सत्कृतम् (satkṛtam) - honored, well-treated

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

• युज्यमानम् (yujyamānam) - being engaged, being applied, being yoked

• च (ca) - and, also

• कर्मणि (karmaṇi) - in his duties (karma) (in work, in action, in duty)

• प्राद्विषन् (prādviṣan) - they hated, they became hostile, they envied

• कृतसंघाताः (kṛtasaṁghātāḥ) - having formed an alliance, having made a group

• पूर्वभृत्याः (pūrvabhṛtyāḥ) - former servants, old employees

• मुहुः (muhuḥ) - repeatedly, again and again

• मुहुः (muhuḥ) - repeatedly, again and again

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - him, that

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he

Note: Refers to the jackal.

तथा (tathā) - thus, in that manner, so

(indeclinable)

सत्कृतम् (satkṛtam) - honored, well-treated

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of satkṛta

satkṛta - honored, well-done

Past Passive Participle

From 'sat' (good) + root 'kṛ' (to do) + suffix 'kta' (passive past participle)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (sat+kṛta)

• sat – good, existing
  adjective (masculine)
  From root 'as' (to be) + 'śatṛ'
  Root: as (class 2)
• kṛta – done, made
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'kṛ' (to do) + suffix 'kta'
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Agrees with 'tam'.

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From root 'dṛś' (to see) + suffix 'ktvā'

Root: dṛś (class 1)

युज्यमानम् (yujyamānam) - being engaged, being applied, being yoked

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of yujyamāna

yujyamāna - being engaged, being united

Present Passive Participle

From root 'yuj' (to yoke, to apply) + passive marker 'ya' + 'śānac' (present participle middle/passive)

Root: yuj (class 7)

Note: Agrees with 'tam'.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

कर्मणि (karmaṇi) - in his duties (karma) (in work, in action, in duty)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of karman

karman - action, deed, work, duty

From root 'kṛ' (to do) + suffix 'man'

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Refers to the jackal's duties.

प्राद्विषन् (prādviṣan) - they hated, they became hostile, they envied

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of pra-dviṣ

Imperfect

From prefix 'pra' + root 'dviṣ' (to hate), 3rd person plural imperfect active

Prefix: pra

Root: dviṣ (class 2)

Note: Subject is 'pūrvabhṛtyāḥ'.

कृतसंघाताः (kṛtasaṁghātāḥ) - having formed an alliance, having made a group

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kṛtasaṃghāta

kṛtasaṁghāta - one who has formed an alliance/group

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (kṛta+saṃghāta)

• kṛta – done, made
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'kṛ' (to do) + suffix 'kta'
  Root: kṛ (class 8)
• saṃghāta – accumulation, aggregation, alliance
  noun (masculine)
  From prefix 'sam' + root 'han' (to strike, unite) + suffix 'ghañ'
  Prefix: sam
  Root: han (class 2)

Note: Agrees with 'pūrvabhṛtyāḥ'.

पूर्वभृत्याः (pūrvabhṛtyāḥ) - former servants, old employees

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pūrvabhṛtya

pūrvabhṛtya - former servant

Compound type : karmadhāraya (pūrva+bhṛtya)

• pūrva – former, previous
  adjective (masculine)
• bhṛtya – servant, dependent
  noun (masculine)
  Gerundive (kṛtya)
  From root 'bhṛ' (to bear, to maintain) + suffix 'ṇya'
  Root: bhṛ (class 3)

Note: Subject of 'prādviṣan'.

मुहुः (muhuḥ) - repeatedly, again and again

(indeclinable)

Note: Repeated for emphasis 'muhur muhuḥ'.

मुहुः (muhuḥ) - repeatedly, again and again

(indeclinable)