महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-112, verse-14

आश्रमे यो द्विजं हन्याद्गां वा दद्यादनाश्रमे ।
किं नु तत्पातकं न स्यात्तद्वा दत्तं वृथा भवेत् ॥१४॥

14. āśrame yo dvijaṁ hanyādgāṁ vā dadyādanāśrame ,
kiṁ nu tatpātakaṁ na syāttadvā dattaṁ vṛthā bhavet.

14. āśrame yaḥ dvijam hanyāt gām vā dadyāt anāśrame kim
nu tat pātakam na syāt tat vā dattam vṛthā bhavet

14. yaḥ āśrame dvijam hanyāt vā anāśrame gām dadyāt kim
nu tat pātakam na syāt vā tat dattam vṛthā bhavet

14. Whoever should kill a Brahmin (dvija) in an āśrama, or should give a cow (dāna) in (the context of) one not belonging to an āśrama: would that not be a sin? Or would that gift (dāna) be in vain?

Words meanings summery:

• आश्रमे (āśrame) - in a hermitage, in a stage of life

• यः (yaḥ) - who, whoever

• द्विजम् (dvijam) - a Brahmin (a twice-born, a Brahmin, a bird, a snake, a tooth)

• हन्यात् (hanyāt) - should kill, would kill

• गाम् (gām) - a cow

• वा (vā) - or, either

• दद्यात् (dadyāt) - should give, would give

• अनाश्रमे (anāśrame) - in (the context of) one not belonging to an āśrama, implying an undeserving recipient or inappropriate circumstance (not in a hermitage, to one not belonging to an āśrama)

• किम् (kim) - used to introduce a rhetorical question 'would it not be...?' (what?, whether)

• नु (nu) - indeed, now, then

• तत् (tat) - that

• पातकम् (pātakam) - sin, crime, impurity

• न (na) - not, no

• स्यात् (syāt) - would be, should be

• तत् (tat) - that

• वा (vā) - or, either

• दत्तम् (dattam) - the act of giving (dāna) (given, a gift)

• वृथा (vṛthā) - in vain, uselessly, fruitlessly

• भवेत् (bhavet) - would be, should be, might be

Words meanings and morphology

आश्रमे (āśrame) - in a hermitage, in a stage of life

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of āśrama

āśrama - hermitage, stage of life, spiritual retreat

From ā-śram + ghañ

Prefix: ā

Root: śram (class 4)

यः (yaḥ) - who, whoever

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

Note: Introduces a relative clause.

द्विजम् (dvijam) - a Brahmin (a twice-born, a Brahmin, a bird, a snake, a tooth)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dvija

dvija - twice-born (Brahmin, Kṣatriya, Vaiśya), bird, tooth, snake

Bahuvrīhi compound: dvi (two) + ja (born)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dvi+ja)

• dvi – two
  numeral
• ja – born, produced from
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun/suffix
  From √jan + ḍa
  Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Object of 'hanyāt'.

हन्यात् (hanyāt) - should kill, would kill

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (Vidhi Liṅ) of han

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Expresses potentiality or command.

गाम् (gām) - a cow

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of go

go - cow, ox, earth, ray of light

Note: Object of 'dadyāt'.

वा (vā) - or, either

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

दद्यात् (dadyāt) - should give, would give

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (Vidhi Liṅ) of dā

Root: dā (class 3)

Note: Expresses potentiality or command.

अनाश्रमे (anāśrame) - in (the context of) one not belonging to an āśrama, implying an undeserving recipient or inappropriate circumstance (not in a hermitage, to one not belonging to an āśrama)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of anāśrama

anāśrama - not a hermitage, not belonging to a stage of life, one who does not follow āśrama rules

Negative compound (na-āśrama)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (na+āśrama)

• na – not, no
  indeclinable
• āśrama – hermitage, stage of life, spiritual retreat
  noun (masculine)
  From ā-śram + ghañ
  Prefix: ā
  Root: śram (class 4)

Note: Used here substantively in the locative case, referring to 'in the case of a non-āśramin'.

किम् (kim) - used to introduce a rhetorical question 'would it not be...?' (what?, whether)

(indeclinable)

Note: Interrogative particle.

नु (nu) - indeed, now, then

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic or interrogative particle.

तत् (tat) - that

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the action (killing or giving).

पातकम् (pātakam) - sin, crime, impurity

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of pātaka

pātaka - sin, crime, guilt, impurity

From √pat + ṇaka

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Predicative noun.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Note: Negation particle.

स्यात् (syāt) - would be, should be

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (Vidhi Liṅ) of as

Root: as (class 2)

Note: From √as.

तत् (tat) - that

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to 'dattam'.

वा (vā) - or, either

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

दत्तम् (dattam) - the act of giving (dāna) (given, a gift)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of datta

datta - given, granted, a gift

Past Passive Participle

From √dā + kta (passive participle suffix)

Root: dā (class 3)

Note: Used substantively as 'the given thing/act'.

वृथा (vṛthā) - in vain, uselessly, fruitlessly

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb.

भवेत् (bhavet) - would be, should be, might be

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (Vidhi Liṅ) of bhū

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: From √bhū.