योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-7, chapter-103, verse-31

यान्ति वो दिवसाः कष्टमविज्ञातगमागमाः ।
व्यवहारे हि तैरेव प्रतिपालयतां मृतिम् ॥ ३१ ॥

yānti vo divasāḥ kaṣṭamavijñātagamāgamāḥ ,
vyavahāre hi taireva pratipālayatāṃ mṛtim 31

31. yānti vaḥ divasāḥ kaṣṭam avijñātagamāgamāḥ
vyavahāre hi taiḥ eva pratipālayatām mṛtim

31. vaḥ avijñātagamāgamāḥ divasāḥ kaṣṭam yānti
hi vyavahāre taiḥ eva mṛtim pratipālayatām

31. Your days, their coming and going unnoticed, pass by miserably. Indeed, through these very days, while you are engaged in worldly activities, you are merely awaiting death (mṛtim).

Words meanings summery:

• यान्ति (yānti) - they go, they pass

• वः (vaḥ) - your (days) (your, to you)

• दिवसाः (divasāḥ) - days

• कष्टम् (kaṣṭam) - miserably (modifying pass by) (miserably, painfully, difficulty)

• अविज्ञातगमागमाः (avijñātagamāgamāḥ) - whose coming and going are unnoticed/unknown

• व्यवहारे (vyavahāre) - in worldly activities, in conduct, in affairs

• हि (hi) - indeed, for, surely

• तैः (taiḥ) - by them (referring to the days)

• एव (eva) - indeed, only, certainly

• प्रतिपालयताम् (pratipālayatām) - of you who are waiting for/expecting death (of those who are waiting for/expecting)

• मृतिम् (mṛtim) - death

Words meanings and morphology

यान्ति (yānti) - they go, they pass

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of yā

Present Active Indicative 3rd person plural

Root yā, present tense, active voice.

Root: yā (class 2)

Note: Subject is divasāḥ.

वः (vaḥ) - your (days) (your, to you)

(pronoun)

Genitive, plural of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (plural)

Enclitic form of 2nd person plural pronoun.

Note: Possessive (your days) and indirect object (to you, for you). Here possessive.

दिवसाः (divasāḥ) - days

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of divasa

divasa - day

Root: div (class 4)

Note: Subject of yānti.

कष्टम् (kaṣṭam) - miserably (modifying pass by) (miserably, painfully, difficulty)

(indeclinable)

Past Passive Participle

Can be used adverbially as neuter accusative singular.

Root: kaś (class 1)

Note: Used as an adverb here.

अविज्ञातगमागमाः (avijñātagamāgamāḥ) - whose coming and going are unnoticed/unknown

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of avijñātagamāgama

avijñātagamāgama - whose coming and going are unknown, unperceived in arrival and departure

From a (not) + vijñāta (known) + gama (coming) + āgama (going).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (a+vijñāta+gama+āgama)

• a – not, non-
  prefix
• vijñāta – known, understood
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root jñā (to know) with upasarga vi-.
  Prefix: vi
  Root: jñā (class 9)
• gama – going, movement
  noun (masculine)
  From root gam (to go).
  Root: gam (class 1)
• āgama – coming, arrival
  noun (masculine)
  From root gam (to go) with upasarga ā-.
  Prefix: ā
  Root: gam (class 1)

व्यवहारे (vyavahāre) - in worldly activities, in conduct, in affairs

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of vyavahāra

vyavahāra - worldly activity, conduct, business, practical life

From root hṛ (to carry) with upasargas vi-ava-.

Prefixes: vi+ava

Root: hṛ (class 1)

हि (hi) - indeed, for, surely

(indeclinable)

Causal or emphatic particle.

तैः (taiḥ) - by them (referring to the days)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Instrumental plural masculine.

एव (eva) - indeed, only, certainly

(indeclinable)

प्रतिपालयताम् (pratipālayatām) - of you who are waiting for/expecting death (of those who are waiting for/expecting)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of pratipālayat

pratipālayat - waiting for, expecting, guarding, maintaining

Present Active Participle (causal)

From root pāl (to protect) with upasarga prati-, in causal form, and present participle suffix -at.

Prefix: prati

Root: pāl (class 10)

Note: This participle agrees with an implied 'you' (plural, genitive) from vaḥ.

मृतिम् (mṛtim) - death

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of mṛti

mṛti - death, demise (mṛtim)

From root mṛ (to die).

Root: mṛ (class 6)

Note: Object of pratipālayatām.