योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-7, chapter-103, verse-9

जीवधर्मो विशिष्टश्चेत्तादृशस्तं नरः कथम् ।
मिथ्या देशान्तरमृते पिशाचत्वं न पश्यति ॥ ९ ॥

jīvadharmo viśiṣṭaścettādṛśastaṃ naraḥ katham ,
mithyā deśāntaramṛte piśācatvaṃ na paśyati 9

9. jīvadharmaḥ viśiṣṭaḥ cet tādṛśaḥ tam naraḥ katham
mithyā deśāntaram ṛte piśācatvam na paśyati

9. jīvadharmaḥ viśiṣṭaḥ cet tādṛśaḥ naraḥ tam
deśāntaram ṛte piśācatvam mithyā na paśyati katham

9. If the intrinsic nature (dharma) of a living being is distinct, how can a person fail to perceive ghosthood as illusory, without experiencing a transition to a different state of existence?

Words meanings summery:

• जीवधर्मः (jīvadharmaḥ) - the intrinsic nature of a living being; the duty or characteristic of a living being

• विशिष्टः (viśiṣṭaḥ) - specific, distinct, distinguished

• चेत् (cet) - if, in case

• तादृशः (tādṛśaḥ) - such, of that kind

• तम् (tam) - him, that

• नरः (naraḥ) - man, person

• कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner

• मिथ्या (mithyā) - falsely, illusory, untrue

• देशान्तरम् (deśāntaram) - another place, a different state

• ऋते (ṛte) - without, except for

• पिशाचत्वम् (piśācatvam) - ghosthood, state of being a demon/ghost

• न (na) - not, no

• पश्यति (paśyati) - sees, perceives, observes

Words meanings and morphology

जीवधर्मः (jīvadharmaḥ) - the intrinsic nature of a living being; the duty or characteristic of a living being

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jīvadharma

jīvadharma - intrinsic nature of a living being; characteristic of a soul; duty of life

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (jīva+dharma)

• jīva – living being, soul, life
  noun (masculine)
  Root: jīv (class 1)
• dharma – intrinsic nature, constitution, natural law, duty, righteousness, religion
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)

विशिष्टः (viśiṣṭaḥ) - specific, distinct, distinguished

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of viśiṣṭa

viśiṣṭa - distinct, specific, peculiar, distinguished, excellent

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root śiṣ with prefix vi-.

Prefix: vi

Root: śiṣ (class 7)

Note: Agrees with jīvadharmaḥ.

चेत् (cet) - if, in case

(indeclinable)

Note: Conditional particle.

तादृशः (tādṛśaḥ) - such, of that kind

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tādṛśa

tādṛśa - such, of that kind, similar

Derived from tad (that) + dṛś (to see) + suffix a.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Agrees with naraḥ.

तम् (tam) - him, that

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, him, her, it

Note: Could be 'him' or 'that (person)'.

नरः (naraḥ) - man, person

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nara

nara - man, person, human being

Root: nṛ

Note: Subject of the verb paśyati.

कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner

(indeclinable)

मिथ्या (mithyā) - falsely, illusory, untrue

(indeclinable)

देशान्तरम् (deśāntaram) - another place, a different state

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of deśāntara

deśāntara - another country, another region, a different state or condition

Compound type : karmadhāraya (deśa+antara)

• deśa – place, region, country
  noun (masculine)
  Root: diś (class 6)
• antara – other, different, interior, space, interval
  adjective/noun (neuter)

Note: Object of implied "experiencing" or "transitioning".

ऋते (ṛte) - without, except for

(indeclinable)

पिशाचत्वम् (piśācatvam) - ghosthood, state of being a demon/ghost

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of piśācatva

piśācatva - ghosthood, demon-state, quality of a fiend

Derived from piśāca with tva suffix.

Note: Object of paśyati.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

पश्यति (paśyati) - sees, perceives, observes

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present indicative (laṭ) of dṛś

Present active indicative, 3rd person singular.

Present stem paśya- derived from root dṛś (class 1).

Root: dṛś (class 1)