मार्कण्डेय-पुराणम्
mārkaṇḍeya-purāṇam
-
chapter-3, verse-42
मृतस्य देहनाशश्च धर्माद्युपरतिस्तथा ।
आत्मानं सर्वतो रक्ष्यमाहुर्धर्मविदो जनाः ॥४२॥
आत्मानं सर्वतो रक्ष्यमाहुर्धर्मविदो जनाः ॥४२॥
42. mṛtasya dehanāśaśca dharmādyuparatistathā .
ātmānaṃ sarvato rakṣyamāhurdharmavido janāḥ.
ātmānaṃ sarvato rakṣyamāhurdharmavido janāḥ.
42.
mṛtasya dehanāśaḥ ca dharma-ādi uparatiḥ tathā
ātmānam sarvataḥ rakṣyam āhuḥ dharmavidaḥ janāḥ
ātmānam sarvataḥ rakṣyam āhuḥ dharmavidaḥ janāḥ
42.
For a dead person, there is the destruction of the body and also the cessation of one's ability to fulfill their constitution (dharma) and other duties. Therefore, people who understand natural law (dharma) declare that one's self (ātman) should be protected in every way.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- मृतस्य (mṛtasya) - of the dead one, of one who has died
- देहनाशः (dehanāśaḥ) - destruction of the body
- च (ca) - and
- धर्म-आदि (dharma-ādi) - constitution (dharma) and other duties (dharma and so forth, dharma etc.)
- उपरतिः (uparatiḥ) - cessation of the ability to perform duties (cessation, desistance, stopping)
- तथा (tathā) - similarly, also, thus
- आत्मानम् (ātmānam) - one's own being or life (the self, soul, spirit)
- सर्वतः (sarvataḥ) - from all sides, completely, in every way
- रक्ष्यम् (rakṣyam) - to be protected, protectable, worthy of protection
- आहुः (āhuḥ) - they say, they declare, they state
- धर्मविदः (dharmavidaḥ) - knowers of dharma, those who understand duty/law
- जनाः (janāḥ) - people, men
Words meanings and morphology
मृतस्य (mṛtasya) - of the dead one, of one who has died
(adjective)
Genitive, masculine, singular of mṛta
mṛta - dead, deceased
Past Passive Participle
PPP of root mṛ (to die)
Root: mṛ (class 6)
देहनाशः (dehanāśaḥ) - destruction of the body
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of dehanāśa
dehanāśa - destruction of the body
Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī tatpuruṣa (deha+nāśa)
- deha – body, form
noun (masculine)
Root: dih (class 1) - nāśa – destruction, ruin, loss
noun (masculine)
from root naś (to perish)
Root: naś (class 4)
Note: Subject.
च (ca) - and
(indeclinable)
Note: Connects dehanāśaḥ with dharmādyuparatiḥ.
धर्म-आदि (dharma-ādi) - constitution (dharma) and other duties (dharma and so forth, dharma etc.)
(noun)
masculine, singular of dharma-ādi
dharma-ādi - righteousness, duty, law etc.
Compound type : dvandva (dharma+ādi)
- dharma – constitution, natural law, intrinsic nature, duty, righteousness, virtue
noun (masculine)
Root: dhṛ (class 1) - ādi – beginning, and so forth, etc.
noun (masculine)
Note: This word acts as a part of the compound dharmādyuparatiḥ
उपरतिः (uparatiḥ) - cessation of the ability to perform duties (cessation, desistance, stopping)
(noun)
Nominative, feminine, singular of uparati
uparati - cessation, desistance, tranquility, stopping
From upa-ram (to cease)
Prefix: upa
Root: ram (class 1)
Note: This is the second subject. The full compound is dharmādyuparatiḥ.
तथा (tathā) - similarly, also, thus
(indeclinable)
Note: Connects the clauses.
आत्मानम् (ātmānam) - one's own being or life (the self, soul, spirit)
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, singular of ātman
ātman - self, soul, spirit, essential nature
Root: at (class 1)
Note: Object of the gerundive rakṣyam.
सर्वतः (sarvataḥ) - from all sides, completely, in every way
(indeclinable)
Suffix -tas added to sarva (all)
Note: Modifies rakṣyam.
रक्ष्यम् (rakṣyam) - to be protected, protectable, worthy of protection
(adjective)
Nominative, neuter, singular of rakṣya
rakṣya - to be protected, guarded, preserved
Gerundive
Gerundive of root rakṣ (to protect)
Root: rakṣ (class 1)
Note: Predicate adjective.
आहुः (āhuḥ) - they say, they declare, they state
(verb)
3rd person , plural, active, present (liṭ) of ah
Root: ah (class 2)
Note: Verb for dharmavidaḥ janāḥ.
धर्मविदः (dharmavidaḥ) - knowers of dharma, those who understand duty/law
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of dharmavid
dharmavid - knowing dharma, skilled in dharma, righteous
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dharma+vid)
- dharma – constitution, natural law, intrinsic nature, duty, righteousness, virtue
noun (masculine)
Root: dhṛ (class 1) - vid – knowing, wise (often as suffix)
adjective (masculine)
Agent Noun
From root vid (to know)
Root: vid (class 2)
Note: Qualifies janāḥ.
जनाः (janāḥ) - people, men
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of jana
jana - person, man, people
Root: jan (class 4)
Note: Subject of āhuḥ.