महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-22, verse-83

कोष्टकीकृत्य चाप्येनं परिक्षिप्य च सर्वशः ।
शस्त्रैर्नानाविधैर्जघ्नुर्युद्धपारं तितीर्षवः ॥८३॥

83. koṣṭakīkṛtya cāpyenaṁ parikṣipya ca sarvaśaḥ ,
śastrairnānāvidhairjaghnuryuddhapāraṁ titīrṣavaḥ.

83. koṣṭakīkṛtya ca api enam parikṣipya ca sarvaśaḥ
śastraiḥ nānāvidhaiḥ jaghnuḥ yuddhapāram titīrṣavaḥ

83. enam koṣṭakīkṛtya ca api sarvaśaḥ ca parikṣipya
nānāvidhaiḥ śastraiḥ titīrṣavaḥ yuddhapāram jaghnuḥ

83. Having surrounded him and completely encircled him from all sides, they struck him with various kinds of weapons, eager to bring the battle to an end.

Words meanings summery:

• कोष्टकीकृत्य (koṣṭakīkṛtya) - having made into an enclosure, having caged, having surrounded

• च (ca) - and, also

• अपि (api) - also, even, too

• एनम् (enam) - him, this one

• परिक्षिप्य (parikṣipya) - having encompassed, having surrounded

• च (ca) - and, also

• सर्वशः (sarvaśaḥ) - entirely, completely, from all sides

• शस्त्रैः (śastraiḥ) - with weapons

• नानाविधैः (nānāvidhaiḥ) - of various kinds

• जघ्नुः (jaghnuḥ) - they struck, they killed

• युद्धपारम् (yuddhapāram) - the end of the battle, beyond the battle

• तितीर्षवः (titīrṣavaḥ) - desiring to cross, wishing to overcome

Words meanings and morphology

कोष्टकीकृत्य (koṣṭakīkṛtya) - having made into an enclosure, having caged, having surrounded

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed from the denominative verb koṣṭakīkṛ by adding the suffix -tya. Denominative verb from koṣṭaka (enclosure/cage) + kṛ (to make).

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Absolutive indicating a prior action.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

अपि (api) - also, even, too

(indeclinable)

Note: Often used with 'ca' (ca api).

एनम् (enam) - him, this one

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of enad

enad - this, this one

Note: Refers to the object of the surrounding and striking action.

परिक्षिप्य (parikṣipya) - having encompassed, having surrounded

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed from the root √kṣip (to throw) with the prefix 'pari-' and suffix -ya.

Prefix: pari

Root: kṣip (class 6)

Note: Absolutive, parallel to 'koṣṭakīkṛtya'.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

सर्वशः (sarvaśaḥ) - entirely, completely, from all sides

(indeclinable)

Adverbial suffix -śaḥ added to 'sarva'.

Note: Adverbial usage.

शस्त्रैः (śastraiḥ) - with weapons

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of śastra

śastra - weapon, knife, sword, instrument

From √śas (to cut, to kill).

Root: śas

Note: Instrument of action 'jaghnuḥ'.

नानाविधैः (nānāvidhaiḥ) - of various kinds

(adjective)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of nānāvidha

nānāvidha - of various kinds, manifold, diverse

Compound of nānā (various) and vidha (kind).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (nānā+vidha)

• nānā – various, diverse, manifold (indeclinable used adjectivally)
  indeclinable
• vidha – kind, sort, type, manner
  noun (masculine)
  From √dhā (to place) with vi-.
  Prefix: vi
  Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Qualifies 'śastraiḥ'.

जघ्नुः (jaghnuḥ) - they struck, they killed

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (liṭ) of han

Perfect Active 3rd Plural

Reduplicated perfect form of √han.

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Main verb of the sentence.

युद्धपारम् (yuddhapāram) - the end of the battle, beyond the battle

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of yuddhapāra

yuddhapāra - the far bank/shore of battle, the end of battle, cessation of war

Compound of 'yuddha' (battle) and 'pāra' (other side, end).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (yuddha+pāra)

• yuddha – battle, fight, war
  noun (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle (from √yudh)
  From √yudh (to fight) + -ta suffix.
  Root: yudh (class 4)
• pāra – the opposite bank, further shore, end, limit
  noun (masculine/neuter)
  From √pṛ (to cross).
  Root: pṛ (class 3)

Note: Object of 'titīrṣavaḥ'.

तितीर्षवः (titīrṣavaḥ) - desiring to cross, wishing to overcome

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of titīrṣu

titīrṣu - desirous of crossing, wishing to cross over, eager to finish/overcome

Desiderative Participle

From √tṛ (to cross) with desiderative suffix -sa + u affix.

Root: tṛ (class 1)

Note: Subject of the desire to cross, referring to "they" who struck.