महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-22, verse-30

बलेन तेन विक्रम्य वर्तमाने जनक्षये ।
पृष्ठतः पाण्डवानीकमभ्यघ्नन्निशितैः शरैः ॥३०॥

30. balena tena vikramya vartamāne janakṣaye ,
pṛṣṭhataḥ pāṇḍavānīkamabhyaghnanniśitaiḥ śaraiḥ.

30. balena tena vikramya vartamāne janakṣaye
pṛṣṭhataḥ pāṇḍavānīkam abhyaghnan niśitaiḥ śaraiḥ

30. tena balena vikramya,
janakṣaye vartamāne,
pṛṣṭhataḥ niśitaiḥ śaraiḥ pāṇḍavānīkam abhyaghnan

30. Having advanced with that army, while the great slaughter of people was occurring, they struck the Pandava army from behind with sharp arrows.

Words meanings summery:

• बलेन (balena) - with the army (by strength, with an army, by force)

• तेन (tena) - with that (army) (by that, with that, by him)

• विक्रम्य (vikramya) - having advanced (having attacked, having advanced, having displayed valor)

• वर्तमाने (vartamāne) - while occurring (existing, present, current, occurring)

• जनक्षये (janakṣaye) - in the great slaughter of people (referring to the war) (in the destruction of people, in the slaughter of men)

• पृष्ठतः (pṛṣṭhataḥ) - from behind (from behind, in the rear, at the back)

• पाण्डवानीकम् (pāṇḍavānīkam) - the Pandava army

• अभ्यघ्नन् (abhyaghnan) - they struck (they struck, they killed)

• निशितैः (niśitaiḥ) - with sharp (with sharp, with whetted, with sharpened)

• शरैः (śaraiḥ) - with arrows

Words meanings and morphology

बलेन (balena) - with the army (by strength, with an army, by force)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of bala

bala - strength, power, army, force

Note: Instrument of action ('vikramya').

तेन (tena) - with that (army) (by that, with that, by him)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, it

विक्रम्य (vikramya) - having advanced (having attacked, having advanced, having displayed valor)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From 'vi' + √kram (to step, go).

Prefix: vi

Root: kram (class 1)

Note: Describes the action preceding 'abhyaghnan'.

वर्तमाने (vartamāne) - while occurring (existing, present, current, occurring)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of vartamāna

vartamāna - existing, being, present, current, occurring

Present Active Participle

From √vṛt (to be, exist, turn), middle voice suffix -māna.

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'janakṣaye'.

जनक्षये (janakṣaye) - in the great slaughter of people (referring to the war) (in the destruction of people, in the slaughter of men)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of janakṣaya

janakṣaya - destruction of people, slaughter of men, massacre

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (jana+kṣaya)

• jana – person, man, people
  noun (masculine)
• kṣaya – destruction, loss, decay, end
  noun (masculine)
  From √kṣi (to destroy).
  Root: kṣi (class 5)

Note: Refers to the ongoing battle.

पृष्ठतः (pṛṣṭhataḥ) - from behind (from behind, in the rear, at the back)

(indeclinable)

From 'pṛṣṭha' (back) + '-tas' (ablative suffix indicating origin).

Note: Adverb of place.

पाण्डवानीकम् (pāṇḍavānīkam) - the Pandava army

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of pāṇḍavānīka

pāṇḍavānīka - army of the Pandavas

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (pāṇḍava+anīka)

• pāṇḍava – descendant of Pāṇḍu, a Pāṇḍava
  proper noun (masculine)
• anīka – army, host, division
  noun (neuter)

Note: Object of 'abhyaghnan'.

अभ्यघ्नन् (abhyaghnan) - they struck (they struck, they killed)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of abhihan

Imperfect

3rd person plural, active voice. From 'abhi' + √han.

Prefix: abhi

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Refers to the actions of the Gandhara army's warriors.

निशितैः (niśitaiḥ) - with sharp (with sharp, with whetted, with sharpened)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of niśita

niśita - sharp, whetted, sharpened

Past Passive Participle

From 'ni' + √śo (to sharpen) or 'ni' + √śi (to sharpen).

Prefix: ni

Root: śo/śi (class 4)

Note: Agrees with 'śaraiḥ'.

शरैः (śaraiḥ) - with arrows

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of śara

śara - arrow, reed

Root: śṛ (class 9)

Note: Instrument of action ('abhyaghnan').