महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-22, verse-49

भूमौ निपतिताश्चान्ये वमन्तो रुधिरं बहु ।
केशाकेशिसमालग्ना न शेकुश्चेष्टितुं जनाः ॥४९॥

49. bhūmau nipatitāścānye vamanto rudhiraṁ bahu ,
keśākeśisamālagnā na śekuśceṣṭituṁ janāḥ.

49. bhūmau nipatitāḥ ca anye vamantaḥ rudhiram bahu
keśākeśisamālaghnāḥ na śekuḥ ceṣṭitum janāḥ

49. anye bhūmau nipatitāḥ ca bahu rudhiram vamantaḥ (āsan).
keśākeśisamālaghnāḥ janāḥ ceṣṭitum na śekuḥ.

49. And others had fallen to the ground, vomiting copious amounts of blood. People, closely grappling with each other, hair-to-hair, were unable to move.

Words meanings summery:

• भूमौ (bhūmau) - on the ground, on the earth

• निपतिताः (nipatitāḥ) - fallen, fallen down

• च (ca) - and, also

• अन्ये (anye) - others

• वमन्तः (vamantaḥ) - vomiting

• रुधिरम् (rudhiram) - blood

• बहु (bahu) - much, many, copious

• केशाकेशिसमालघ्नाः (keśākeśisamālaghnāḥ) - grappling hair-to-hair, engaged in close combat by hair

• न (na) - not, no

• शेकुः (śekuḥ) - they were able

• चेष्टितुम् (ceṣṭitum) - to move, to stir, to exert oneself

• जनाः (janāḥ) - people, men

Words meanings and morphology

भूमौ (bhūmau) - on the ground, on the earth

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of bhūmi

bhūmi - earth, ground, land

निपतिताः (nipatitāḥ) - fallen, fallen down

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of nipatita

nipatita - fallen, fallen down, descended

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'pat' (to fall) with prefix 'ni'.

Prefix: ni

Root: pat (class 1)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

अन्ये (anye) - others

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of anya

anya - other, another, different

वमन्तः (vamantaḥ) - vomiting

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vamat

vamat - vomiting, emitting

Present Active Participle

Derived from root 'vam' (to vomit, emit) in present active.

Root: vam (class 1)

रुधिरम् (rudhiram) - blood

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of rudhira

rudhira - blood

बहु (bahu) - much, many, copious

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of bahu

bahu - much, many, abundant, copious

Note: Agrees with 'rudhiram'.

केशाकेशिसमालघ्नाः (keśākeśisamālaghnāḥ) - grappling hair-to-hair, engaged in close combat by hair

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of keśākeśisamālagna

keśākeśisamālagna - closely grappling hair-to-hair

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (keśākeśi+samālagna)

• keśākeśi – hair-to-hair (indicating mutual pulling of hair in combat)
  indeclinable
  A type of compound (often `avyayībhāva`) indicating mutual action where 'keśa' is repeated.
• samālagna – closely attached, grappling, clinging
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root 'lag' (to cling, attach) with prefixes 'sam' and 'ā'.
  Prefixes: sam+ā
  Root: lag (class 1)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

शेकुः (śekuḥ) - they were able

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect past (liṭ) of śak

Root: śak (class 5)

चेष्टितुम् (ceṣṭitum) - to move, to stir, to exert oneself

(indeclinable)

infinitive

Derived from root 'ceṣṭ' (to move, stir, strive).

Root: ceṣṭ (class 1)

जनाः (janāḥ) - people, men

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of jana

jana - person, man, people, creature