महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-22, verse-38

ततस्तु सौबलो राजन्नभ्यतिक्रम्य पाण्डवान् ।
जघान पृष्ठतः सेनां जयगृध्रः प्रतापवान् ॥३८॥

38. tatastu saubalo rājannabhyatikramya pāṇḍavān ,
jaghāna pṛṣṭhataḥ senāṁ jayagṛdhraḥ pratāpavān.

38. tataḥ tu saubalaḥ rājan abhyatikramya pāṇḍavān
jaghāna pṛṣṭhataḥ senāṃ jayagṛdhraḥ pratāpavān

38. tataḥ tu rājan,
jayagṛdhraḥ pratāpavān saubalaḥ pāṇḍavān abhyatikramya pṛṣṭhataḥ senāṃ jaghāna

38. Then, O King, the mighty son of Subala (Shakuni), greedy for victory, having bypassed the Pāṇḍavas, attacked the army from the rear.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter, from that

• तु (tu) - but, however, on the other hand

• सौबलः (saubalaḥ) - son of Subala, Shakuni

• राजन् (rājan) - O King

• अभ्यतिक्रम्य (abhyatikramya) - having bypassed the Pandavas (having bypassed, having gone past, having overcome)

• पाण्डवान् (pāṇḍavān) - the Pandavas

• जघान (jaghāna) - he killed, struck, slew

• पृष्ठतः (pṛṣṭhataḥ) - from behind, from the rear

• सेनां (senāṁ) - army, host

• जयगृध्रः (jayagṛdhraḥ) - greedy for victory, eager for triumph

• प्रतापवान् (pratāpavān) - mighty, powerful, glorious

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter, from that

(indeclinable)

तु (tu) - but, however, on the other hand

(indeclinable)

Note: Introduces a contrast in action following the Pandavas' attack.

सौबलः (saubalaḥ) - son of Subala, Shakuni

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saubala

saubala - son of Subala (an epithet for Shakuni)

Patronymic derivation from Subala

Note: Subject of `jaghāna`.

राजन् (rājan) - O King

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Note: Direct address by the narrator.

अभ्यतिक्रम्य (abhyatikramya) - having bypassed the Pandavas (having bypassed, having gone past, having overcome)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive/Gerund

Absolutive (gerund) of root kram with upasargas abhi and ati

Prefixes: abhi+ati

Root: kram (class 1)

Note: Indicates a prior action performed by `saubalaḥ`.

पाण्डवान् (pāṇḍavān) - the Pandavas

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of pāṇḍava

pāṇḍava - descendant of Pandu (the Pandavas)

Patronymic derivation from Pandu

Note: Object of `abhyatikramya`.

जघान (jaghāna) - he killed, struck, slew

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of han

Perfect Mood, Paras. Pada

3rd person singular perfect of root han (irregular formation)

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Main verb of the sentence.

पृष्ठतः (pṛṣṭhataḥ) - from behind, from the rear

(indeclinable)

Adverb formed from `pṛṣṭha` (back) with the suffix -tas

Note: Specifies the direction of attack.

सेनां (senāṁ) - army, host

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of senā

senā - army, host, forces

Note: Object of `jaghāna`.

जयगृध्रः (jayagṛdhraḥ) - greedy for victory, eager for triumph

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jayagṛdhra

jayagṛdhra - greedy for victory, eager for triumph

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (jaya+gṛdhra)

• jaya – victory, triumph, conquest
  noun (masculine)
• gṛdhra – greedy, eager, covetous (also 'vulture')
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Agrees with `saubalaḥ`.

प्रतापवान् (pratāpavān) - mighty, powerful, glorious

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pratāpavat

pratāpavat - mighty, powerful, glorious, splendid

Possessive adjective formed with -vat suffix from `pratāpa`

Note: Agrees with `saubalaḥ`.