महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-22, verse-1

संजय उवाच ।
वर्तमाने तथा युद्धे घोररूपे भयानके ।
अभज्यत बलं तत्र तव पुत्रस्य पाण्डवैः ॥१॥

1. saṁjaya uvāca ,
vartamāne tathā yuddhe ghorarūpe bhayānake ,
abhajyata balaṁ tatra tava putrasya pāṇḍavaiḥ.

1. sañjaya uvāca vartamāne tathā yuddhe ghorarūpe
bhayānake abhajyata balam tatra tava putrasya pāṇḍavaiḥ

1. sañjaya uvāca tathā ghorarūpe bhayānake vartamāne
yuddhe tatra tava putrasya balam pāṇḍavaiḥ abhajyata

1. Sañjaya said: 'While that terrifying and dreadful battle was thus raging, your son's army (bala) was shattered there by the Pāṇḍavas.'

Words meanings summery:

• सञ्जय (sañjaya) - Sañjaya

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• वर्तमाने (vartamāne) - while existing, occurring, going on

• तथा (tathā) - thus, so, likewise

• युद्धे (yuddhe) - in the battle, in the war

• घोररूपे (ghorarūpe) - of terrible form, terrifying

• भयानके (bhayānake) - terrifying, dreadful, frightful

• अभज्यत (abhajyata) - was broken, was shattered, was routed

• बलम् (balam) - army, force, strength

• तत्र (tatra) - there, in that place

• तव (tava) - your

• पुत्रस्य (putrasya) - of the son

• पाण्डवैः (pāṇḍavaiḥ) - by the Pāṇḍavas

Words meanings and morphology

सञ्जय (sañjaya) - Sañjaya

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sañjaya

sañjaya - Sañjaya (Vyāsa's disciple and charioteer of Dhṛtarāṣṭra)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect, Third Person, Singular

Irregular perfect tense of root vac, with reduplication.

Root: vac (class 2)

वर्तमाने (vartamāne) - while existing, occurring, going on

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of vartamāna

vartamāna - existing, present, current, happening

Present Middle Participle

Derived from root vṛt (to turn, to be, to exist) with the present middle participle suffix.

Root: vṛt (class 1)

तथा (tathā) - thus, so, likewise

(indeclinable)

युद्धे (yuddhe) - in the battle, in the war

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of yuddha

yuddha - fight, battle, war

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root yudh (to fight)

Root: yudh (class 4)

घोररूपे (ghorarūpe) - of terrible form, terrifying

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of ghorarūpa

ghorarūpa - of terrible form, dreadful, frightful

Compound type : karmadhāraya (ghora+rūpa)

• ghora – terrible, dreadful, fearful
  adjective (neuter)
• rūpa – form, shape, appearance, nature
  noun (neuter)

भयानके (bhayānake) - terrifying, dreadful, frightful

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of bhayānaka

bhayānaka - terrifying, dreadful, frightful

Root: bhī (class 3)

अभज्यत (abhajyata) - was broken, was shattered, was routed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, past imperfect (laṅ) of bhajj

Imperfect, Third Person, Singular, Passive Voice

A-augment for imperfect, passive voice suffix -ya-.

Root: bhajj (class 1)

बलम् (balam) - army, force, strength

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of bala

bala - strength, power, force, army

तत्र (tatra) - there, in that place

(indeclinable)

तव (tava) - your

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (pronoun)

पुत्रस्य (putrasya) - of the son

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of putra

putra - son, child

पाण्डवैः (pāṇḍavaiḥ) - by the Pāṇḍavas

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of pāṇḍava

pāṇḍava - descendant of Pāṇḍu, the Pāṇḍavas