महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-22, verse-33

असौ सुबलपुत्रो नो जघनं पीड्य दंशितः ।
सेनां निसूदयन्त्येष पश्य पाण्डव दुर्मतिम् ॥३३॥

33. asau subalaputro no jaghanaṁ pīḍya daṁśitaḥ ,
senāṁ nisūdayantyeṣa paśya pāṇḍava durmatim.

33. asau subalaputraḥ naḥ jaghanam pīḍya daṃśitaḥ
senām nīsūdayati eṣaḥ paśya pāṇḍava durmatim

33. pāṇḍava paśya,
daṃśitaḥ asau subalaputraḥ naḥ jaghanam pīḍya,
eṣaḥ durmatim senām nīsūdayati

33. O Pandava, observe this son of Subala, who is armored and pressing our rear flank; behold this evil-minded one destroying the army!

Words meanings summery:

• असौ (asau) - this one, that one (nearby)

• सुबलपुत्रः (subalaputraḥ) - Shakuni, the son of Subala (son of Subala)

• नः (naḥ) - our, of us

• जघनम् (jaghanam) - rear, flank, back (of an army)

• पीड्य (pīḍya) - having afflicted, having pressed, having harassed

• दंशितः (daṁśitaḥ) - clad in armor (armored, equipped with mail, having bitten)

• सेनाम् (senām) - army, host, battle-array

• नीसूदयति (nīsūdayati) - he destroys, he crushes

• एषः (eṣaḥ) - this one (masculine)

• पश्य (paśya) - see! behold!

• पाण्डव (pāṇḍava) - O Pandava

• दुर्मतिम् (durmatim) - evil-minded one, wicked person

Words meanings and morphology

असौ (asau) - this one, that one (nearby)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of adas

adas - this, that

सुबलपुत्रः (subalaputraḥ) - Shakuni, the son of Subala (son of Subala)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of subalaputra

subalaputra - son of Subala

Śaṣṭhī Tatpurusha compound meaning 'son of Subala'.

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī tatpuruṣa (subala+putra)

• subala – Subala (name of a king)
  proper noun (masculine)
• putra – son
  noun (masculine)

नः (naḥ) - our, of us

(pronoun)

Genitive, plural of asmad

asmad - I, we (enclitic form for genitive/dative/accusative plural)

Enclitic form of the first-person plural pronoun 'asmad'.

जघनम् (jaghanam) - rear, flank, back (of an army)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of jaghana

jaghana - rear, hinder part, buttocks; in military context, the rear of an army

पीड्य (pīḍya) - having afflicted, having pressed, having harassed

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed from the root 'pīḍ' (to press, vex) with the suffix 'ya' for absolutives.

Root: pīḍ (class 10)

दंशितः (daṁśitaḥ) - clad in armor (armored, equipped with mail, having bitten)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of daṃśita

daṁśita - armored, equipped with mail; bitten

Past Passive Participle

Derived from the root 'daṃś' (to bite, to put on armor).

Root: daṃś (class 1)

सेनाम् (senām) - army, host, battle-array

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of senā

senā - army, host, battle-array

नीसूदयति (nīsūdayati) - he destroys, he crushes

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of sūdayati

Present Tense, Active Voice

3rd person singular, root 'sūd', 10th conjugation (causative stem), with prefix 'ni'.

Prefix: ni

Root: sūd (class 10)

Note: The Devanagari `निसूदयन्त्येष` (nīsūdayantyeṣa) suggests a sandhi of `nīsūdayanti` (3rd person plural) and `eṣaḥ` (masculine singular). However, this creates a grammatical inconsistency as the subject 'eṣaḥ' is singular. Based on the context and translation, the intended verb form is `nīsūdayati` (3rd person singular), which would combine with `eṣaḥ` as `nīsūdayatyeṣaḥ`. This entry reflects the grammatically intended singular verb form.

एषः (eṣaḥ) - this one (masculine)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of etad

etad - this, this one

पश्य (paśya) - see! behold!

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of dṛś

Imperative Mood, Active Voice

2nd person singular, present stem 'paśya' derived from root 'dṛś', 1st conjugation.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

पाण्डव (pāṇḍava) - O Pandava

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of pāṇḍava

pāṇḍava - descendant of Pandu, a Pandava

Vṛddhi derivation from 'Pandu'.

दुर्मतिम् (durmatim) - evil-minded one, wicked person

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of durmati

durmati - evil-minded, ill-disposed, wicked person

Compound of 'dur' (bad, difficult) and 'mati' (mind, thought).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dur+mati)

• dur – bad, ill, difficult
  indeclinable
• mati – mind, thought, intelligence
  noun (feminine)