महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-22, verse-13

ततः प्रववृते रौद्रः संग्रामः शोणितोदकः ।
पाण्डवानां कुरूणां च यमराष्ट्रविवर्धनः ॥१३॥

13. tataḥ pravavṛte raudraḥ saṁgrāmaḥ śoṇitodakaḥ ,
pāṇḍavānāṁ kurūṇāṁ ca yamarāṣṭravivardhanaḥ.

13. tataḥ pravavṛte raudraḥ saṅgrāmaḥ śoṇitodakaḥ
| pāṇḍavānām kurūṇām ca yamarāṣṭravivardhanaḥ

13. tataḥ pāṇḍavānām ca kurūṇām yamarāṣṭravivardhanaḥ
śoṇitodakaḥ raudraḥ saṅgrāmaḥ pravavṛte

13. Then a fierce battle began, characterized by blood as its water, for the Pandavas and the Kurus, a battle that expanded the realm of Yama (the god of death).

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon, from that

• प्रववृते (pravavṛte) - it began, it happened, it ensued

• रौद्रः (raudraḥ) - terrible, fierce, frightful

• सङ्ग्रामः (saṅgrāmaḥ) - battle, war, combat

• शोणितोदकः (śoṇitodakaḥ) - a battleground soaked in blood (having blood as water, watery with blood)

• पाण्डवानाम् (pāṇḍavānām) - of the Pandavas

• कुरूणाम् (kurūṇām) - of the Kurus

• च (ca) - and, also

• यमराष्ट्रविवर्धनः (yamarāṣṭravivardhanaḥ) - causing the death-realm of Yama to expand (by causing many deaths in battle) (increasing the realm of Yama, causing the growth of Yama's kingdom)

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon, from that

(indeclinable)

प्रववृते (pravavṛte) - it began, it happened, it ensued

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, perfect (lit) of vṛt

Prefix: pra

Root: vṛt (class 1)

रौद्रः (raudraḥ) - terrible, fierce, frightful

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of raudra

raudra - terrible, fierce, frightful, savage

Derived from Rudra (a fierce deity)

सङ्ग्रामः (saṅgrāmaḥ) - battle, war, combat

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṅgrāma

saṅgrāma - battle, war, conflict, encounter

Derived from root gram (to go) with prefix sam (together)

Prefix: sam

Root: gram (class 1)

शोणितोदकः (śoṇitodakaḥ) - a battleground soaked in blood (having blood as water, watery with blood)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śoṇitodaka

śoṇitodaka - having blood as water, watery with blood

Compound adjective

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (śoṇita+udaka)

• śoṇita – blood, red
  noun (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle (derived from śoṇ, to become red)
  Root: śoṇ (class 10)
• udaka – water
  noun (neuter)
  Root: und (class 7)

पाण्डवानाम् (pāṇḍavānām) - of the Pandavas

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of pāṇḍava

pāṇḍava - descendant of Pandu, son of Pandu

Patronymic from Paṇḍu

कुरूणाम् (kurūṇām) - of the Kurus

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of kuru

kuru - a Kuru, descendant of Kuru (ancestor of Pandavas and Kauravas)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

यमराष्ट्रविवर्धनः (yamarāṣṭravivardhanaḥ) - causing the death-realm of Yama to expand (by causing many deaths in battle) (increasing the realm of Yama, causing the growth of Yama's kingdom)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yamarāṣṭravivardhana

yamarāṣṭravivardhana - increasing the realm of Yama, causing the growth of Yama's kingdom

Compound adjective

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (yamarāṣṭra+vivardhana)

• yamarāṣṭra – Yama's realm, kingdom of Yama
  noun (neuter)
• vivardhana – increasing, causing to grow, developing
  adjective (masculine)
  agent noun/present participle
  Derived from root vṛdh (to grow) with prefix vi (intensive/diversifying)
  Prefix: vi
  Root: vṛdh (class 1)