महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-22, verse-28

गान्धारराजस्तु पुनर्वाक्यमाह ततो बली ।
निवर्तध्वमधर्मज्ञा युध्यध्वं किं सृतेन वः ॥२८॥

28. gāndhārarājastu punarvākyamāha tato balī ,
nivartadhvamadharmajñā yudhyadhvaṁ kiṁ sṛtena vaḥ.

28. gāndhārarājaḥ tu punar vākyam āha tataḥ balī
nivartadhvam adharmajñāḥ yudhyadhvam kim sṛtena vaḥ

28. tataḥ balī gāndhārarājaḥ tu punar vākyam āha:
"adharmajñāḥ! nivartadhvam! yudhyadhvam! vaḥ sṛtena kim?"

28. But then, the mighty king of Gandhāra (Śakuni) spoke again, saying: "O you who are ignorant of (natural) law (dharma)! Turn back and fight! What good is fleeing for you?"

Words meanings summery:

• गान्धारराजः (gāndhārarājaḥ) - Śakuni, the king of Gandhāra (the king of Gandhāra)

• तु (tu) - but (but, indeed, however, on the other hand)

• पुनर् (punar) - again (again, back, moreover)

• वाक्यम् (vākyam) - a speech (words) (speech, word, sentence, statement)

• आह (āha) - said (said, spoke)

• ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, thereupon, from that)

• बली (balī) - mighty (strong, powerful, mighty)

• निवर्तध्वम् (nivartadhvam) - turn back (turn back, return, retreat)

• अधर्मज्ञाः (adharmajñāḥ) - O you who are ignorant of (natural) law (dharma) (O you who do not know what is right, ignorant of righteousness, unrighteous ones)

• युध्यध्वम् (yudhyadhvam) - fight (fight, contend)

• किम् (kim) - what good? (what? why? what for?)

• सृतेन (sṛtena) - by fleeing (by running, by flowing, by fleeing)

• वः (vaḥ) - for you (your, to you, for you)

Words meanings and morphology

गान्धारराजः (gāndhārarājaḥ) - Śakuni, the king of Gandhāra (the king of Gandhāra)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gāndhārarāja

gāndhārarāja - king of Gandhāra

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (gāndhāra+rājan)

• gāndhāra – name of a country and its people
  proper noun (masculine)
• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)

Note: Subject of 'āha'.

तु (tu) - but (but, indeed, however, on the other hand)

(indeclinable)

Note: Particle indicating contrast or emphasis.

पुनर् (punar) - again (again, back, moreover)

(indeclinable)

वाक्यम् (vākyam) - a speech (words) (speech, word, sentence, statement)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vākya

vākya - speech, word, sentence, statement

From √vac (to speak).

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Object of 'āha'.

आह (āha) - said (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of ah

Perfect

3rd person singular, active voice. Archaic perfect form.

Root: ah (class 2)

ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, thereupon, from that)

(indeclinable)

बली (balī) - mighty (strong, powerful, mighty)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of balin

balin - strong, powerful, mighty, having strength

Possessive suffix -in.

Note: Agrees with 'gāndhārarājaḥ'.

निवर्तध्वम् (nivartadhvam) - turn back (turn back, return, retreat)

(verb)

2nd person , plural, middle, imperative (loṭ) of nivart

Imperative

2nd person plural, middle voice. From 'ni' + √vṛt.

Prefix: ni

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Command to the fleeing soldiers.

अधर्मज्ञाः (adharmajñāḥ) - O you who are ignorant of (natural) law (dharma) (O you who do not know what is right, ignorant of righteousness, unrighteous ones)

(adjective)

Vocative, masculine, plural of adharmajña

adharmajña - ignorant of (natural) law (dharma), one who does not know righteousness

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+dharma+jña)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  Negating prefix.
• dharma – natural law, constitution, intrinsic nature, righteousness, duty
  noun (masculine)
  From √dhṛ (to uphold).
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• jña – knowing, conversant with, familiar with
  adjective (masculine)
  From √jñā (to know).
  Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Addresses the soldiers.

युध्यध्वम् (yudhyadhvam) - fight (fight, contend)

(verb)

2nd person , plural, middle, imperative (loṭ) of yudh

Imperative

2nd person plural, middle voice.

Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: Another command to the soldiers.

किम् (kim) - what good? (what? why? what for?)

(indeclinable)

सृतेन (sṛtena) - by fleeing (by running, by flowing, by fleeing)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of sṛta

sṛta - run, fled, gone, flowed

Past Passive Participle

From root √sṛ (to run, flow).

Root: sṛ (class 1)

Note: 'kim sṛtena' means 'what by fleeing?'

वः (vaḥ) - for you (your, to you, for you)

(pronoun)

plural of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (plural)

Note: Here, it has a dative sense of 'for you' with 'kim'.